Подход к проектированию статорных обмоток мощных ветрогенераторов
Ключевые слова:
синхронные сверхпроводниковые ветрогенераторы, сосредоточенные обмотки, распределенные обмотки, ток короткого замыкания
Аннотация
Единичная мощность ветротурбины оффшорной ветроэлектростанции достигла к настоящему времени 10 МВт, и дальнейший ее рост возможен при переходе к синхронным генераторам на основе сверхпроводимости. В статье рассмотрены факторы, определяющие выбор классических распределенных и сосредоточенных статорных обмоток при проектировании сверхпроводниковых мощных ветрогенераторов. Объектом численного исследования является сверхпроводниковый ветрогенератор мощностью 10 МВт, 3300 В, 10 мин–1 с обмоткой возбуждения из высокотемпературного сверхпроводящего материала Bi-2223 с ферромагнитным статором и ротором. Критерием выбора приняты объем статора и длина сверхпроводящего провода. Показано, что в диапазоне числа пар полюсов 2р = 32–40 применение двухслойной распределенной обмотки имеет ограничения по устойчивости работы генератора (значение тока короткого замыкания меньше номинального), а применение сосредоточенных обмоток имеет ограничения из-за значительной величины составляющей дифференциального рассеяния. Установлено, что для распределенной обмотки в указанном диапазоне числа пар полюсов могут быть получены практически равноценные варианты с показателем объема статора 78 м3 и длины сверхпроводника 16 км. Для сосредоточенной обмотки предпочтительным является выбор однослойной обмотки с условиями выполнения Z = 12+6k, 2p = Z–2, k = 0, 1, 2, ..., однако реализованные показатели уступают таковым при применении классической двухслойной распределенной обмотки.
Литература
1. AMSC Sea Titan 10 MW Wind Turbine [Электрон. ресурс], URL:https://www.renugen.co.uk/amsc-seatitan-10mw-wind-turbine (дата обращения 27.12.2021).
2. Snitchier G., et al. 10 MW Class Superconductor Wind Turbine Generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21. No. 3, pp. 1089–1092.
3. Fair R., et al. Superconductivity for Large-Scale Wind Turbines. – Applied Superconductivity Conference, Portland, Oregon, 2012.
4. Kalsi S.S. Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator Employing MgB2 Windings Both on Rotor and Stator. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2014, vol. 24. No. 1, DOI: 10.1109/TASC. 2013.2291275.
5. Liu D., et al. Potential of Partially Superconducting Generators for Large Direct-Drive Wind Turbines. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 27, No. 5, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2017. 2707661.
6. Fukui S., et al. Study of 10 MW-Class Wind Turbine Synchronous Generators with HTS Field Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, 21(3), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2010.2090115.
7. Terao Y., Sekino M., Ohsaki H. Electromagnetic design of 10 MW class fully superconducting wind turbine generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2012, 22(3), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2011.2177628.
8. Wang J., et al. Design of a Superconducting Synchronous Generator with LTS Field Windings for 12 MW Offshore Direct-Drive Wind Turbines. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 63(3), DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2415758.
9. Liang Y., Rotaru M.D., Sykulski J.R. Electromagnetic Simulation of a Fully Superconducting 10-MW-Classs Wind Turbine Generator. – IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity, 2013, 23 (6), DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2013.2277778.
10. Kim J.H., Kim H.M. Electromagnetic Design of 10 MW Class Superconducting Wind Turbine Using 2G HTS Wire. – Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics, 2013, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 29–34, DOI:10.9714/psac.2013.15.3.029.
11. Sung H.-J., et al. Practical Design of a 10 MW Superconducting Wind Power Generator Considering Weight. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2013, vol. 23, No. 3, DOI: 10.1109/TASC. 2013.2245175.
12. Maki N. Design Study of High-Temperature Superconducting Generators for Wind Power Systems. – IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2008, vol. 97, DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/97/ 1/012155.
13. Hoang T.-K., et al. Design of a 20-MW Fully Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator to Minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 4, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2018.2810309.
14. Keysan O., Mueller M. A Modular and Cost-Effective Superconducting Generator Design for Offshore Wind Turbines Institute for Energy Systems. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2015, vol. 28, DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/28/3/034004.
15. Антипов В.Н., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Сверхпроводниковые ветрогенераторы мощностью 10 МВт и более (обзор зарубежных публикаций). – Электричество, 2020, № 10, с. 59–67.
16. Pat. US20160380516 A1. Superconducting Generators and Motors and Methods for Employing Same / M.J. Tomsic, L Long, 2016.
17. Антипов В.Н., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Выбор конструкции электрического ветрогенератора мегаваттного диапазона мощности. – Электричество, 2020, № 4, с. 56–63.
18. Антипов В.Н., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Применение сосредоточенных обмоток для мощных синхронных ветрогенераторов. – Электричество, 2021, № 4, с. 50–57.
19. Вольдек А.И. Рассеяние по коронкам зубцов в электрических машинах. – Вестник электропромышленности, 1961, № 1, с. 60–62.
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Работа выполнена в рамках гос. задания ИХС РАН (№ гос. регистрации темы АААА-А19-119022290086-4)
#
1. AMSC Sea Titan 10 MW Wind Turbine [Electron. resource], URL:https://www.renugen.co.uk/amsc-seatitan-10mw-wind-turbine (Date of appeal 27.12.2021).
2. Snitchier G., et al. 10 MW Class Superconductor Wind Turbine Generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21. No. 3, pp. 1089–1092.
3. Fair R., et al. Superconductivity for Large-Scale Wind Turbines. – Applied Superconductivity Conference, Portland, Oregon, 2012.
4. Kalsi S.S. Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator Employing MgB2 Windings Both on Rotor and Stator. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2014, vol. 24. No. 1, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2013.2291275.
5. Liu D., et al. Potential of Partially Superconducting Generators for Large Direct-Drive Wind Turbines. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 27, No. 5, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2017.2707661.
6. Fukui S., et al. Study of 10 MW-Class Wind Turbine Synchronous Generators with HTS Field Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, 21(3), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2010.2090115.
7. Terao Y., Sekino M., Ohsaki H. Electromagnetic design of 10 MW class fully superconducting wind turbine generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2012, 22(3), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2011.2177628.
8. Wang J., et al. Design of a Superconducting Synchronous Generator with LTS Field Windings for 12 MW Offshore Direct-Drive Wind Turbines. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 63(3), DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2415758.
9. Liang Y., Rotaru M.D., Sykulski J.R. Electromagnetic Simulation of a Fully Superconducting 10-MW-Classs Wind Turbine Generator. – IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity, 2013, 23(6), DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2013.2277778.
10. Kim J.H., Kim H.M. Electromagnetic Design of 10 MW Class Superconducting Wind Turbine Using 2G HTS Wire. – Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics, 2013, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 29–34, DOI:10.9714/psac.2013.15.3.029.
11. Sung H.-J., et al. Practical Design of a 10 MW Superconducting Wind Power Generator Considering Weight. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2013, vol. 23, No. 3, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2013.2245175.
12. Maki N. Design Study of High-Temperature Superconducting Generators for Wind Power Systems. – IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2008, vol. 97, DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/97/1/012155.
13. Hoang T.-K., et al. Design of a 20-MW Fully Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator to Minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 4, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2018.2810309.
14. Keysan O., Mueller M. A Modular and Cost-Effective Superconducting Generator Design for Offshore Wind Turbines Institute for Energy Systems. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2015, vol. 28, DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/28/3/034004.
15. Antipov V.N., Grozov A.D., Ivanova A.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2020, No. 10, pp. 59–67.
16. Pat. US20160380516 A1. Superconducting Generators and Motors and Methods for Employing Same / M.J. Tomsic, L Long, 2016.
17. Antipov V.N., Grozov A.D., Ivanova A.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2020, No. 4, pp. 56–63.
18. Antipov V.N., Grozov A.D., Ivanova A.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2021, No. 4, pp. 50–57.
19. Vol'dek А.I. Vestnik elektropromyshlennosti– in Russ. (Bulletin of the Electrical Industry), 1961, No. 1, pp. 60–62.
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The work was carried out within the framework of the state task of the IHS RAS (State registration number of the topic AAAA19-119022290086-4)
2. Snitchier G., et al. 10 MW Class Superconductor Wind Turbine Generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21. No. 3, pp. 1089–1092.
3. Fair R., et al. Superconductivity for Large-Scale Wind Turbines. – Applied Superconductivity Conference, Portland, Oregon, 2012.
4. Kalsi S.S. Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator Employing MgB2 Windings Both on Rotor and Stator. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2014, vol. 24. No. 1, DOI: 10.1109/TASC. 2013.2291275.
5. Liu D., et al. Potential of Partially Superconducting Generators for Large Direct-Drive Wind Turbines. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 27, No. 5, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2017. 2707661.
6. Fukui S., et al. Study of 10 MW-Class Wind Turbine Synchronous Generators with HTS Field Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, 21(3), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2010.2090115.
7. Terao Y., Sekino M., Ohsaki H. Electromagnetic design of 10 MW class fully superconducting wind turbine generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2012, 22(3), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2011.2177628.
8. Wang J., et al. Design of a Superconducting Synchronous Generator with LTS Field Windings for 12 MW Offshore Direct-Drive Wind Turbines. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 63(3), DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2415758.
9. Liang Y., Rotaru M.D., Sykulski J.R. Electromagnetic Simulation of a Fully Superconducting 10-MW-Classs Wind Turbine Generator. – IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity, 2013, 23 (6), DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2013.2277778.
10. Kim J.H., Kim H.M. Electromagnetic Design of 10 MW Class Superconducting Wind Turbine Using 2G HTS Wire. – Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics, 2013, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 29–34, DOI:10.9714/psac.2013.15.3.029.
11. Sung H.-J., et al. Practical Design of a 10 MW Superconducting Wind Power Generator Considering Weight. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2013, vol. 23, No. 3, DOI: 10.1109/TASC. 2013.2245175.
12. Maki N. Design Study of High-Temperature Superconducting Generators for Wind Power Systems. – IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2008, vol. 97, DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/97/ 1/012155.
13. Hoang T.-K., et al. Design of a 20-MW Fully Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator to Minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 4, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2018.2810309.
14. Keysan O., Mueller M. A Modular and Cost-Effective Superconducting Generator Design for Offshore Wind Turbines Institute for Energy Systems. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2015, vol. 28, DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/28/3/034004.
15. Антипов В.Н., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Сверхпроводниковые ветрогенераторы мощностью 10 МВт и более (обзор зарубежных публикаций). – Электричество, 2020, № 10, с. 59–67.
16. Pat. US20160380516 A1. Superconducting Generators and Motors and Methods for Employing Same / M.J. Tomsic, L Long, 2016.
17. Антипов В.Н., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Выбор конструкции электрического ветрогенератора мегаваттного диапазона мощности. – Электричество, 2020, № 4, с. 56–63.
18. Антипов В.Н., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Применение сосредоточенных обмоток для мощных синхронных ветрогенераторов. – Электричество, 2021, № 4, с. 50–57.
19. Вольдек А.И. Рассеяние по коронкам зубцов в электрических машинах. – Вестник электропромышленности, 1961, № 1, с. 60–62.
---
Работа выполнена в рамках гос. задания ИХС РАН (№ гос. регистрации темы АААА-А19-119022290086-4)
#
1. AMSC Sea Titan 10 MW Wind Turbine [Electron. resource], URL:https://www.renugen.co.uk/amsc-seatitan-10mw-wind-turbine (Date of appeal 27.12.2021).
2. Snitchier G., et al. 10 MW Class Superconductor Wind Turbine Generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21. No. 3, pp. 1089–1092.
3. Fair R., et al. Superconductivity for Large-Scale Wind Turbines. – Applied Superconductivity Conference, Portland, Oregon, 2012.
4. Kalsi S.S. Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator Employing MgB2 Windings Both on Rotor and Stator. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2014, vol. 24. No. 1, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2013.2291275.
5. Liu D., et al. Potential of Partially Superconducting Generators for Large Direct-Drive Wind Turbines. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 27, No. 5, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2017.2707661.
6. Fukui S., et al. Study of 10 MW-Class Wind Turbine Synchronous Generators with HTS Field Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, 21(3), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2010.2090115.
7. Terao Y., Sekino M., Ohsaki H. Electromagnetic design of 10 MW class fully superconducting wind turbine generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2012, 22(3), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2011.2177628.
8. Wang J., et al. Design of a Superconducting Synchronous Generator with LTS Field Windings for 12 MW Offshore Direct-Drive Wind Turbines. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 63(3), DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2415758.
9. Liang Y., Rotaru M.D., Sykulski J.R. Electromagnetic Simulation of a Fully Superconducting 10-MW-Classs Wind Turbine Generator. – IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity, 2013, 23(6), DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2013.2277778.
10. Kim J.H., Kim H.M. Electromagnetic Design of 10 MW Class Superconducting Wind Turbine Using 2G HTS Wire. – Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics, 2013, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 29–34, DOI:10.9714/psac.2013.15.3.029.
11. Sung H.-J., et al. Practical Design of a 10 MW Superconducting Wind Power Generator Considering Weight. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2013, vol. 23, No. 3, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2013.2245175.
12. Maki N. Design Study of High-Temperature Superconducting Generators for Wind Power Systems. – IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2008, vol. 97, DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/97/1/012155.
13. Hoang T.-K., et al. Design of a 20-MW Fully Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator to Minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 4, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2018.2810309.
14. Keysan O., Mueller M. A Modular and Cost-Effective Superconducting Generator Design for Offshore Wind Turbines Institute for Energy Systems. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2015, vol. 28, DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/28/3/034004.
15. Antipov V.N., Grozov A.D., Ivanova A.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2020, No. 10, pp. 59–67.
16. Pat. US20160380516 A1. Superconducting Generators and Motors and Methods for Employing Same / M.J. Tomsic, L Long, 2016.
17. Antipov V.N., Grozov A.D., Ivanova A.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2020, No. 4, pp. 56–63.
18. Antipov V.N., Grozov A.D., Ivanova A.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2021, No. 4, pp. 50–57.
19. Vol'dek А.I. Vestnik elektropromyshlennosti– in Russ. (Bulletin of the Electrical Industry), 1961, No. 1, pp. 60–62.
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The work was carried out within the framework of the state task of the IHS RAS (State registration number of the topic AAAA19-119022290086-4)
