Влияние объектов микрогенерации на качество электроэнергии в распределительных электрических сетях
Ключевые слова:
возобновляемые источники энергии, микрогенерация, фотоэлектрические преобразователи, распределительные электрические сети, качество электрической энергии, имитационное моделирование
Аннотация
В статье представлены результаты исследования особенностей влияния объектов микрогенерации на базе фотоэлектрических преобразователей на показатели качества электроэнергии, относящиеся к медленным изменениям (отклонению) напряжения и несимметрии трехфазной системы напряжений. Показано, что ухудшение качества электроэнергии обусловливают возникновение обратных потоков мощности и подключение однофазных объектов микрогенерации. Определены ключевые факторы, оказывающие влияние на качество функционирования низковольтных распределительных электрических сетей с объектами микрогенерации на базе фотоэлектрических преобразователей. Показана недостаточная эффективность регулирования реактивной мощности инверторами для поддержания качества электроэнергии при потенциальном росте количества внедренных объектов микрогенерации на базе фотоэлектрических преобразователей. На основе анализа мирового опыта и известных положений разработан новый теоретический подход к повышению качества функционирования низковольтных распределительных электрических сетей с объектами микрогенерации на базе фотоэлектрических преобразователей, эффективность которого подтверждена имитационным моделированием.
Литература
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16. Daccò E. et al. Decentralised Voltage Regulation through Optimal Reactive Power Flow in Distribution Networks with Dispersed Generation. – Electricity, 2024, vol. 5, pp. 134–153, DOI: 10.3390/electricity5010008.
17. Rylander M. et al. Default Volt-Var Inverter Settings to Improve Distribution System Performance. – IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 2016, DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2016.7741947.
18. Wajahat M. et al. A Comparative Study into Enhancing the PV Penetration Limit of a LV CIGRE Residential Network with Distributed Grid-Tied Single-Phase PV Systems. – Energies, 2019, vol. 12, DOI: 10.3390/en12152964.
19. Kashani M.G., Mobarrez M., Bhattacharya S. Smart Inverter Volt-Watt Control Design in High PV-Penetrated Distribution Systems. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 1147–1156, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2018.2878844.
20. Liu X. et al. Coordinated Control of Distributed Energy Storage System with Tap Changer Transformers for Voltage Rise Mitigation Under High Photovoltaic Penetration. – IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2012, vol. 3, pp. 897–906, DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2011.2177501.
21. Thomas D. et al. An Integrated Tool for Optimal Energy Scheduling and Power Quality Improvement of a Microgrid Under Multiple Demand Response Schemes. – Applied Energy, 2020, vol. 260, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114314.
22. Ponnaganti P., Pillai J.R., Bak‐Jensen B. Opportunities and Challenges of Demand Response in Active Distribution Networks. – Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 2018, vol. 7, No. 1, DOI: 10.1002/wene.271.
23. Alam M.J.E., Muttaqi K.M., Sutanto D. Distributed Energy Storage for Mitigation of Voltage-Rise Impact Caused by Rooftop Solar PV. – IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012, DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2012.6345726.
24. Xing L. et al. Distributed Voltage Regulation for Low-Voltage and High-PV-Penetration Networks with Battery Energy Storage Systems Subject to Communication Delay. – IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2021, vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 426–433, DOI: 10.1109/TCST.2021.3061651.
25. Ch Y., Goswami S.K., Chatterjee D. Effect of network reconfiguration on power quality of distribution system. – International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2016, vol. 83, pp. 87–95, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.03.043.
26. Shareef H. et al. Power Quality and Reliability Enhancement in Distribution Systems Via Optimum Network Reconfiguration by Using Quantum Firefly Algorithm. – International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2014, vol. 58, pp. 160–169, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.01.013.
27. Ma K., Fang L., Kong W. Review of Distribution Network Phase Unbalance: Scale, Causes, Consequences, Solutions, and Future Research Directions. – CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2020, vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 479–488, DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2019.03280.
28. Pinthurat W. et al. Techniques for Compensation of Unbalanced Conditions in LV Distribution Networks with Integrated Renewable Generation: An Overview. – Electric Power Systems Research, 2023, vol. 214, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108932.
29. Heidari‐Akhijahani A., Safdarian A., Lehtonen M. Unbalance Mitigation by Optimal Placement of Static Transfer Switches in Low Voltage Distribution Feeders. – IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2020, vol. 14, No. 20, pp. 4612–4621, DOI:10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1467.
30. Kashani M.G., Mobarrez M., Bhattacharya S. Smart Inverter Volt-Watt Control Design in High PV-Penetrated Distribution Systems. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 1147–1156, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2018.2878844.
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33. GSES. Financial Impacts of Voltage Control Inverter Response Modes [Electron. resource], URL: https://www.gses.com.au/financial-impacts-of-voltage-control-inverter-response-modes/ (Access on 17.01.2025).
34. Balogun I.A., Sun Y., Gbadega P.A. Optimal PV active power curtailment in a PV-penetrated distribution network using optimal smart inverter Volt-Watt control settings. – Energy Reports, 2024, vol. 12, pp. 5396–5419, DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.11.014.
35. Pat. RU 218429 U1. Ustroystvo pozitsionirovaniya fotoelektri-cheskih paneley dlya usloviy zastroennoy sredy (Photovoltaic Panel Positioning Device for Built-up Environments) / D.K. Kugucheva, M.S. Haritonov, 2023.
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37. Zhang Y., Sun X. Phase Reassignment Strategy and Load Phase-Swapping Device for Three-Phase Unbalance in the Power Distribution Area. – Electric Power Systems Research, 2024, vol. 235, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110564
