Выбор конструкции электрического ветрогенератора мегаваттного диапазона мощности
Ключевые слова:
синхронный ветрогенератор, постоянные магниты, радиальное и тангенциальное намагничивание, распределенные и сосредоточенные обмотки
Аннотация
Проанализированы возможные конструктивные исполнения ветрогенераторов мегаваттного диапазона мощности для ветротурбин материковых и оффшорных ветроэлектростанций низко-скоростного и безредукторного привода. Рассмотрены синхронные генераторы с радиальным и тангенциальным намагничиванием постоянных магнитов, как с классическими распределенными обмотками, так и сосредоточенными. Электромагнитные расчеты проведены для генераторов с номинальными значениями частоты вращения 150 и 12 мин-1 предельной мощности 8000 кВт при линейном напряжении 6300 В. Возможностьисполь зования данных электромагнитного расчета для анализа подтверждена численным расчетом двухмерного электромагнитного поля методом
конечных элементов при использовании программного комплекса ELCUT. Установлено, что тангенциальное намагничивание увеличивает коэффициент использования машины для обоих типов обмоток. При тангенциальном намагничивании следует отдать предпочтение сосредоточенной обмотке, при которой у генераторов с частотой вращения 150 и 12 мин-1 повышается КПД, уменьшаются массы активных материалов и магнитов.
Литература
1. Sawyer, Steve & Liming, Qiao & Fried, Lauha. (2018). Global wind Report – Annual Market Update 2017. Global wind report. Annual market update 2017.
2. Антипов В.Н., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Электрические генераторы мегаваттного диапазона мощностей для ветроэнергетики: состояние и тенденции развития. – Электричество, 2029, No. 8, c. 34–41.
3. Bang D., Polinder H., Shrestha G., Ferreira J.A. Promising direct-drive generator system for large wind turbines. – EPE Journal, 2008, No. 18(3), pp. 7–13.
4. Zhang J., Chen Z. and Cheng M. Design and comparison of a novel stator interior permanent magnet generator for direct-drive wind turbines. – IET Renewable Power Generation, 2007, No. 1(4), pp. 203–210.
5. Polinder H., van der Pijl F.A. Comparison of direct drive and geared concepts for wind turbines. – IEEE Trans., Energy Conversion, 2006, No. 21 (3), pp. 725–733.
6. Alexandrova Y., Semken R.S., Pyrhonen J. Permanent magnet synchronous generator design solution for large direct-drive wind turbines. – Int. Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 2013, No. 8(6), pp. 1728–1737.
7. Semken R.S., Polikarpova M., Röyttä P., Alexandrova J., Pyrhцnen J., Nerg J., Mikkola A., Backman J. Direct-drive permanent magnet generators for high-power wind turbines: benefits and limiting factors. – IET Renewable Power Generation, 2012, vol. 6, pp. 1–8.
8. Alexandrova Y., Semken S., Polikarpova M., Pyrhцnen J. Defining proper initial geometry of an 8 MW liquid-cooled direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbine application based on minimizing mass. – Proc. XXth Inter. Conf. on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2012, pp. 1250–1255 [Электрон. ресурс] http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6350036 (дата обращения 17.12.2019].
9. Sethuraman L., Maness M., Dykes K. Optimized generator designs for the DTU 10-MW offshore wind turbine using generator SE. – AIAA SciTech Forum: 35th Wind Energy Symposium, Grapevine, Texas. DOI: 10.2172/1395455.
10. Potgieter J.H.J., Kamper M.J. Design of new concept direct grid connected slip-synchronous permanent magnet wind generator. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2012, No. 48(3), pp. 913–922.
11. Fukui S., Ogawa J., Sato T., Tsukamoto O., Kashima N., Nagaya S. Study of 10 MW-class wind turbine synchronous generators with HTS field windings. – IEEE Trans. on applied superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1151–1154.
12. Sung H.-J., Kim G.-H., Kim K., Jung S.-J, Park M., Yu I.-K., Kim Y.-G., Lee H., Kim A.-R. Practical design of a 10 MW superconducting wind power generator considering weight issue. – IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 2013, vol. 23, No. 3, ID 5201805.
13. Zhang K., Huang X., Wu L., Fang Y., Cao W. Stator design aspects for permanent magnet superconducting wind power generators. – IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 2019, vol. 29, No. 2, ID 5201205.
14. Антипов В.Н., Кручинина И.Ю., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Оценка эффективности конструктивного исполнения постоянных магнитов для низкоскоростных синхронных генераторов на основе расчета магнитного поля. – Электротехника, 2014, № 2, c. 2–5.
#
1. Sawyer, Steve & Liming, Qiao & Fried, Lauha. (2018). Global wind Report – Annual Market Update 2017. Global wind report. Annual market update 2017.
2. Antipov V.N., Grozov A.D., Ivanov A.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2029, No. 8, pp. 34–41.
3. Bang D., Polinder H., Shrestha G., Ferreira J.A. Promising direct-drive generator system for large wind turbines. – EPE Journal, 2008, No. 18(3), pp. 7–13.
4. Zhang J., Chen Z. and Cheng M. Design and comparison of a novel stator interior permanent magnet generator for direct-drive wind turbines. – IET Renewable Power Generation, 2007, No. 1(4), pp. 203–210.
5. Polinder H., van der Pijl F.A. Comparison of direct drive and geared concepts for wind turbines. – IEEE Trans., Energy Conversion, 2006, No. 21 (3), pp. 725–733.
6. Alexandrova Y., Semken R.S., Pyrhonen J. Permanent magnet synchronous generator design solution for large direct-drive wind turbines. – Int. Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 2013, No. 8(6), pp. 1728–1737.
7. Semken R.S., Polikarpova M., Röyttä P., Alexandrova J., Pyrhцnen J., Nerg J., Mikkola A., Backman J. Direct-drive permanent magnet generators for high-power wind turbines: benefits and limiting factors. – IET Renewable Power Generation, 2012, vol. 6, pp. 1–8.
8. Alexandrova Y., Semken S., Polikarpova M., Pyrhцnen J. Defining proper initial geometry of an 8 MW liquid-cooled direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbine application based on minimizing mass. – Proc. XXth Inter. Conf. on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2012, pp. 1250–1255 [Electron. Resourse] http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6350036 (Data of Apple 17.12.2019).
9. Sethuraman L., Maness M., Dykes K. Optimized generator designs for the DTU 10-MW offshore wind turbine using generator SE. – AIAA SciTech Forum: 35th Wind Energy Symposium, Grapevine, Texas. DOI: 10.2172/1395455.
10. Potgieter J.H.J., Kamper M.J. Design of new concept direct grid connected slip-synchronous permanent magnet wind generator. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2012, No. 48(3), pp. 913–922.
11. Fukui S., Ogawa J., Sato T., Tsukamoto O., Kashima N., Nagaya S. Study of 10 MW-class wind turbine synchronous generators with HTS field windings. – IEEE Trans. on applied superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1151–1154.
12. Sung H.-J., Kim G.-H., Kim K., Jung S.-J, Park M., Yu I.-K., Kim Y.-G., Lee H., Kim A.-R. Practical design of a 10 MW superconducting wind power generator considering weight issue. – IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 2013, vol. 23, No. 3, ID 5201805.
13. Zhang K., Huang X., Wu L., Fang Y., Cao W. Stator design aspects for permanent magnet superconducting wind power generators. – IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 2019, vol. 29, No. 2, ID 5201205.
14. Antipov V.N., Kruchinina I.Yu., Grozov A.D., Ivanova A.V. Elektrotekhnika – in Russ. (Electrical Engineering), 2014, № 2, c. 2–5.
2. Антипов В.Н., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Электрические генераторы мегаваттного диапазона мощностей для ветроэнергетики: состояние и тенденции развития. – Электричество, 2029, No. 8, c. 34–41.
3. Bang D., Polinder H., Shrestha G., Ferreira J.A. Promising direct-drive generator system for large wind turbines. – EPE Journal, 2008, No. 18(3), pp. 7–13.
4. Zhang J., Chen Z. and Cheng M. Design and comparison of a novel stator interior permanent magnet generator for direct-drive wind turbines. – IET Renewable Power Generation, 2007, No. 1(4), pp. 203–210.
5. Polinder H., van der Pijl F.A. Comparison of direct drive and geared concepts for wind turbines. – IEEE Trans., Energy Conversion, 2006, No. 21 (3), pp. 725–733.
6. Alexandrova Y., Semken R.S., Pyrhonen J. Permanent magnet synchronous generator design solution for large direct-drive wind turbines. – Int. Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 2013, No. 8(6), pp. 1728–1737.
7. Semken R.S., Polikarpova M., Röyttä P., Alexandrova J., Pyrhцnen J., Nerg J., Mikkola A., Backman J. Direct-drive permanent magnet generators for high-power wind turbines: benefits and limiting factors. – IET Renewable Power Generation, 2012, vol. 6, pp. 1–8.
8. Alexandrova Y., Semken S., Polikarpova M., Pyrhцnen J. Defining proper initial geometry of an 8 MW liquid-cooled direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbine application based on minimizing mass. – Proc. XXth Inter. Conf. on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2012, pp. 1250–1255 [Электрон. ресурс] http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6350036 (дата обращения 17.12.2019].
9. Sethuraman L., Maness M., Dykes K. Optimized generator designs for the DTU 10-MW offshore wind turbine using generator SE. – AIAA SciTech Forum: 35th Wind Energy Symposium, Grapevine, Texas. DOI: 10.2172/1395455.
10. Potgieter J.H.J., Kamper M.J. Design of new concept direct grid connected slip-synchronous permanent magnet wind generator. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2012, No. 48(3), pp. 913–922.
11. Fukui S., Ogawa J., Sato T., Tsukamoto O., Kashima N., Nagaya S. Study of 10 MW-class wind turbine synchronous generators with HTS field windings. – IEEE Trans. on applied superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1151–1154.
12. Sung H.-J., Kim G.-H., Kim K., Jung S.-J, Park M., Yu I.-K., Kim Y.-G., Lee H., Kim A.-R. Practical design of a 10 MW superconducting wind power generator considering weight issue. – IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 2013, vol. 23, No. 3, ID 5201805.
13. Zhang K., Huang X., Wu L., Fang Y., Cao W. Stator design aspects for permanent magnet superconducting wind power generators. – IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 2019, vol. 29, No. 2, ID 5201205.
14. Антипов В.Н., Кручинина И.Ю., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Оценка эффективности конструктивного исполнения постоянных магнитов для низкоскоростных синхронных генераторов на основе расчета магнитного поля. – Электротехника, 2014, № 2, c. 2–5.
#
1. Sawyer, Steve & Liming, Qiao & Fried, Lauha. (2018). Global wind Report – Annual Market Update 2017. Global wind report. Annual market update 2017.
2. Antipov V.N., Grozov A.D., Ivanov A.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2029, No. 8, pp. 34–41.
3. Bang D., Polinder H., Shrestha G., Ferreira J.A. Promising direct-drive generator system for large wind turbines. – EPE Journal, 2008, No. 18(3), pp. 7–13.
4. Zhang J., Chen Z. and Cheng M. Design and comparison of a novel stator interior permanent magnet generator for direct-drive wind turbines. – IET Renewable Power Generation, 2007, No. 1(4), pp. 203–210.
5. Polinder H., van der Pijl F.A. Comparison of direct drive and geared concepts for wind turbines. – IEEE Trans., Energy Conversion, 2006, No. 21 (3), pp. 725–733.
6. Alexandrova Y., Semken R.S., Pyrhonen J. Permanent magnet synchronous generator design solution for large direct-drive wind turbines. – Int. Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 2013, No. 8(6), pp. 1728–1737.
7. Semken R.S., Polikarpova M., Röyttä P., Alexandrova J., Pyrhцnen J., Nerg J., Mikkola A., Backman J. Direct-drive permanent magnet generators for high-power wind turbines: benefits and limiting factors. – IET Renewable Power Generation, 2012, vol. 6, pp. 1–8.
8. Alexandrova Y., Semken S., Polikarpova M., Pyrhцnen J. Defining proper initial geometry of an 8 MW liquid-cooled direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbine application based on minimizing mass. – Proc. XXth Inter. Conf. on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2012, pp. 1250–1255 [Electron. Resourse] http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6350036 (Data of Apple 17.12.2019).
9. Sethuraman L., Maness M., Dykes K. Optimized generator designs for the DTU 10-MW offshore wind turbine using generator SE. – AIAA SciTech Forum: 35th Wind Energy Symposium, Grapevine, Texas. DOI: 10.2172/1395455.
10. Potgieter J.H.J., Kamper M.J. Design of new concept direct grid connected slip-synchronous permanent magnet wind generator. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2012, No. 48(3), pp. 913–922.
11. Fukui S., Ogawa J., Sato T., Tsukamoto O., Kashima N., Nagaya S. Study of 10 MW-class wind turbine synchronous generators with HTS field windings. – IEEE Trans. on applied superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1151–1154.
12. Sung H.-J., Kim G.-H., Kim K., Jung S.-J, Park M., Yu I.-K., Kim Y.-G., Lee H., Kim A.-R. Practical design of a 10 MW superconducting wind power generator considering weight issue. – IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 2013, vol. 23, No. 3, ID 5201805.
13. Zhang K., Huang X., Wu L., Fang Y., Cao W. Stator design aspects for permanent magnet superconducting wind power generators. – IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 2019, vol. 29, No. 2, ID 5201205.
14. Antipov V.N., Kruchinina I.Yu., Grozov A.D., Ivanova A.V. Elektrotekhnika – in Russ. (Electrical Engineering), 2014, № 2, c. 2–5.
