Разработка токоограничивающего устройства для защиты электроэнергетических комплексов с возобновляемыми источниками энергии
Ключевые слова:
гибридная энергетическая установка, возобновляемые источники энергии, ограничители токов короткого замыкания, надёжность электроснабжения
Аннотация
Статья посвящена решению актуальной научно-практической задачи, направленной на повышение надёжности и безаварийности гибридных энергетических комплексов с возобновляемыми источниками энергии, функционирующих как автономно, так и совместно с электрической сетью. Рассмотрены возможные решения систем защиты от токов короткого замыкания и предупреждения аварийных ситуаций в зависимости от выходной электрической мощности энергоустановки. Для гибридного электроэнергетического комплекса, содержащего фотоэлектрическую и ветроэнергетическую установки, разработано токоограничивающее устройство. Физическая сущность устройства состоит в использовании двух магнитно-связанных реакторов, обмотки которых включены параллельно в цепь нагрузки, но встречно по направлению магнитного потока обмоток. Магнитные потоки реакторов при этом взаимно компенсируются. Ток же линии электропередачи делится по обмоткам реакторов строго пополам, так как при таком включении обмоток проявляется эффект делителя тока. Устройство позволяет ограничивать ударную амплитуду аварийного тока на интервале времени порядка 100–120 мс после отключения сетевого выключателя. Установившееся значение аварийного тока ограничивается на уровне, близком к значению номинального тока. На компьютерной модели проведены исследования электромагнитных процессов, происходящих в разработанном устройстве.
Литература
1. Энергетическая стратегия Российской Федерации на период до 2035 года (Утв. распоряжением Правительства РФ от 9 июня 2020 г. № 1523-р).
2. Annual Energy Outlook 2020 with Ptojections to 2050. U.S. Energy Information Administration Office of Energy Analysis. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, 2020.
3. Rouch D.A. Electricity power plan to 2050: replacing coal- fired plants with renewable energy plants & better energy efficiency. – Clarendon Policy & Strategy Group, Melbourne, Australia, 2021, Working Paper No. 28.
4. Liserre M., Sauter T., Hung J.Y. Future Energy Systems: Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into the Smart Power Grid Through Industrial Electronics. – IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 2010, vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 18–37, DOI: 10.1109/MIE.2010.935861.
5. Kroposki B., et al. Achieving a 100 % Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energyю. – in IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2017, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 61–73, DOI: 10.1109/MPE.2016.2637122.
6. Keller J., Kroposki B. Understanding Fault Characteristics of Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources, 2010, DOI:10.2172/971441.
7. Behnke M., Ellis A. Contribution of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems to AC Short Circuits – a Survey of Current Modeling Practices and Challenges. – IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (PVSC), Tampa, 2013, pp. 3128–3133.
8. Shuai Z., et al. Comparative Study of Short-Circuit Fault Characteristics for VSC-Based DC Distribution Networks With Different Distributed Generators. – IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 528–540, DOI: 10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2834542.
9. Meskin M., Domijan A., Grinberg I. Impact of Distributed Generation on the Protection Systems of Distribution Networks: Analysis and Remedies. – IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2020, No. 14, pp. 5944–5960, DOI:10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1652.
10. Антонов Б.М. и др. Гибридная система децентрализованного электроснабжения, реализуемая на основе возобновляемых источников энергии разных видов. – Электричество, 2018, № 1, с. 8–13.
11. Karaliolios P., et al. Overview of Short-Circuit Contribution of Various Distributed Generators on the Distribution Network. – 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, Padua, Italy, 2008, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651553.
12. Coster E.J., et al. Integration Issues of Distributed Generation in Distribution Grids. – in Proceedings of the IEEE, 2011, vol. 99, No. 1, pp. 28–39, DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2052776.
13. BS EN60898-1:2019. Electrical Accessories, Circuit Breakers for Overcurrent Protection for Household and Similar Installations. Part 1: Circuit-Breakers for A.C. Operation, 2019.
14. Антипов К.М. и др. О проблеме координации уровней токов короткого замыкания в энергосистемах. – Электрические станции. 2005, № 4, с. 19–32.
15. Алексеев Б.А. Полупроводниковые ограничители токов короткого замыкания. – Электро, 2008, № 3, с. 50–56.
16. Paul W., et al. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Applications, Technical and Economical Benefits, Simulations and Test Results. CIGRE, 13–201, 2000.
17. Samet H., et al. Fault Current Limiter Versus Series Reactor. – IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, Italy, 2017, DOI: 10.1109/EEEIC.2017.7977495.
18. Prigmore J., Uzelac N. Fault Current Limiting (FCL) devices and techniques. In: Ito, H. (Ed.): ʻswitching equipment CIGRE green books' – Germany, 2019, pp. 399–432.
19. Okedu K.E., et al. Wind Farms Fault Ride Through Using DFIG with New Protection Scheme. – IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2012, No. 3, pp. 242–254.
20. Guo W., et al. Evaluation of the Performance of BTFCLs for Enhancing LVRT Capability of DFIG. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, No. 30, pp. 3623–3637.
21. Шурупов А.В. и др. Токоограничители на основе быстродействующих коммутаторов. Опыт создания токоограничивающего устройства на напряжении 220 кВ. – Энергия единой сети, 2013, № 2(7), с. 54–65.
22. Пат. RU 132270 U1. Токоограничивающее устройство для высоковольтных линий электропередач / Б.М. Антонов и др., 2013.
23. Пат. RU 88861 U1. Токоограничивающее устройство на базе магнитно-связанных реакторов / Б.М. Антонов, 2009.
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Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ. Грант № 19-08-00018-а.
#
1. Energeticheskaya strategiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2035 goda (Utv. rasporyazheniem Pravitel'stva RF ot 9 iyunya 2020 g. № 1523-r) (Energy strategy of the Russian Federation up to 2035 (Approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 9, 2020 No. 1523-p)).
2. Annual Energy Outlook 2020 with Ptojections to 2050. U.S. Energy Information Administration Office of Energy Analysis. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, 2020.
3. Rouch D.A. Electricity power plan to 2050: replacing coal- fired plants with renewable energy plants & better energy efficiency. – Clarendon Policy & Strategy Group, Melbourne, Australia, 2021, Working Paper No. 28.
4. Liserre M., Sauter T., Hung J.Y. Future Energy Systems: Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into the Smart Power Grid Through Industrial Electronics. – IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 2010, vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 18–37, DOI: 10.1109/MIE.2010.935861.
5. Kroposki B., et al. Achieving a 100 % Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energyю. – in IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2017, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 61–73, DOI: 10.1109/MPE.2016.2637122.
6. Keller J., Kroposki B. Understanding Fault Characteristics of Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources, 2010, DOI:10.2172/971441.
7. Behnke M., Ellis A. Contribution of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems to AC Short Circuits – a Survey of Current Modeling Practices and Challenges. – IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (PVSC), Tampa, 2013, pp. 3128–3133.
8. Shuai Z., et al. Comparative Study of Short-Circuit Fault Characteristics for VSC-Based DC Distribution Networks With Different Distributed Generators. – IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 528–540, DOI: 10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2834542.
9. Meskin M., Domijan A., Grinberg I. Impact of Distributed Generation on the Protection Systems of Distribution Networks: Analysis and Remedies. – IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2020, No. 14, pp. 5944–5960, DOI:10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1652.
10. Antonov B.M., et. al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2018. No. 1, pp. 8–13.
11. Karaliolios P., et al. Overview of Short-Circuit Contribution of Various Distributed Generators on the Distribution Network. – 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, Padua, Italy, 2008, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651553.
12. Coster E.J., et al. Integration Issues of Distributed Generation in Distribution Grids. – in Proceedings of the IEEE, 2011, vol. 99, No. 1, pp. 28–39, DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2052776.
13. BS EN60898-1:2019. Electrical Accessories, Circuit Breakers for Overcurrent Protection for Household and Similar Installations. Part 1: Circuit-Breakers for A.C. Operation, 2019.
14. Antipov K.M., et. al. Elektricheskie stantsii – in Russ. (Electrical Power Plants), 2005, No. 4, pp. 19–32.
15. Alekseev B.А. Elektro – in Russ. (Electro), 2008, No. 3, pp. 50–56.
16. Paul W., et al. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Applications, Technical and Economical Benefits, Simulations and Test Results. CIGRE, 13–201, 2000.
17. Samet H., et al. Fault Current Limiter Versus Series Reac-tor. – IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, Italy, 2017, DOI: 10.1109/EEEIC.2017.7977495.
18. Prigmore J., Uzelac N. Fault Current Limiting (FCL) devices and techniques. In: Ito, H. (Ed.): ʻswitching equipment CIGRE green books' – Germany, 2019, pp. 399–432.
19. Okedu K.E., et al. Wind Farms Fault Ride Through Using DFIG with New Protection Scheme. – IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2012, No. 3, pp. 242–254.
20. Guo W., et al. Evaluation of the Performance of BTFCLs for Enhancing LVRT Capability of DFIG. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, No. 30, pp. 3623–3637.
21. Shurupov А.V., et al. Energiya edinoy seti – in Russ. (Unified Grid Energy), 2013, No. 2(7), pp. 54–65.
22. Pаt. RU 132270 U1. Tokoogranichivayushchee ustroystvo dlya vysokovol'tnyh liniy elektroperedach (Current Limiting Device for High-Voltage Power Lines) / B.М. Аntоnоv, et al, 2013.
23. Pаt. RU 88861 U1. Tokoogranichivayushchee ustroystvo na baze magnitno-svyazannyh reaktorov (Current Limiting Device Based on Magnetically Coupled Reactors) / B.М. Аntоnоv, 2009.
---
The work was carried out with the support of the RFBR. Grant No. 19-08-00018-a.
2. Annual Energy Outlook 2020 with Ptojections to 2050. U.S. Energy Information Administration Office of Energy Analysis. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, 2020.
3. Rouch D.A. Electricity power plan to 2050: replacing coal- fired plants with renewable energy plants & better energy efficiency. – Clarendon Policy & Strategy Group, Melbourne, Australia, 2021, Working Paper No. 28.
4. Liserre M., Sauter T., Hung J.Y. Future Energy Systems: Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into the Smart Power Grid Through Industrial Electronics. – IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 2010, vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 18–37, DOI: 10.1109/MIE.2010.935861.
5. Kroposki B., et al. Achieving a 100 % Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energyю. – in IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2017, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 61–73, DOI: 10.1109/MPE.2016.2637122.
6. Keller J., Kroposki B. Understanding Fault Characteristics of Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources, 2010, DOI:10.2172/971441.
7. Behnke M., Ellis A. Contribution of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems to AC Short Circuits – a Survey of Current Modeling Practices and Challenges. – IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (PVSC), Tampa, 2013, pp. 3128–3133.
8. Shuai Z., et al. Comparative Study of Short-Circuit Fault Characteristics for VSC-Based DC Distribution Networks With Different Distributed Generators. – IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 528–540, DOI: 10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2834542.
9. Meskin M., Domijan A., Grinberg I. Impact of Distributed Generation on the Protection Systems of Distribution Networks: Analysis and Remedies. – IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2020, No. 14, pp. 5944–5960, DOI:10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1652.
10. Антонов Б.М. и др. Гибридная система децентрализованного электроснабжения, реализуемая на основе возобновляемых источников энергии разных видов. – Электричество, 2018, № 1, с. 8–13.
11. Karaliolios P., et al. Overview of Short-Circuit Contribution of Various Distributed Generators on the Distribution Network. – 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, Padua, Italy, 2008, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651553.
12. Coster E.J., et al. Integration Issues of Distributed Generation in Distribution Grids. – in Proceedings of the IEEE, 2011, vol. 99, No. 1, pp. 28–39, DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2052776.
13. BS EN60898-1:2019. Electrical Accessories, Circuit Breakers for Overcurrent Protection for Household and Similar Installations. Part 1: Circuit-Breakers for A.C. Operation, 2019.
14. Антипов К.М. и др. О проблеме координации уровней токов короткого замыкания в энергосистемах. – Электрические станции. 2005, № 4, с. 19–32.
15. Алексеев Б.А. Полупроводниковые ограничители токов короткого замыкания. – Электро, 2008, № 3, с. 50–56.
16. Paul W., et al. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Applications, Technical and Economical Benefits, Simulations and Test Results. CIGRE, 13–201, 2000.
17. Samet H., et al. Fault Current Limiter Versus Series Reactor. – IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, Italy, 2017, DOI: 10.1109/EEEIC.2017.7977495.
18. Prigmore J., Uzelac N. Fault Current Limiting (FCL) devices and techniques. In: Ito, H. (Ed.): ʻswitching equipment CIGRE green books' – Germany, 2019, pp. 399–432.
19. Okedu K.E., et al. Wind Farms Fault Ride Through Using DFIG with New Protection Scheme. – IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2012, No. 3, pp. 242–254.
20. Guo W., et al. Evaluation of the Performance of BTFCLs for Enhancing LVRT Capability of DFIG. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, No. 30, pp. 3623–3637.
21. Шурупов А.В. и др. Токоограничители на основе быстродействующих коммутаторов. Опыт создания токоограничивающего устройства на напряжении 220 кВ. – Энергия единой сети, 2013, № 2(7), с. 54–65.
22. Пат. RU 132270 U1. Токоограничивающее устройство для высоковольтных линий электропередач / Б.М. Антонов и др., 2013.
23. Пат. RU 88861 U1. Токоограничивающее устройство на базе магнитно-связанных реакторов / Б.М. Антонов, 2009.
---
Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ. Грант № 19-08-00018-а.
#
1. Energeticheskaya strategiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2035 goda (Utv. rasporyazheniem Pravitel'stva RF ot 9 iyunya 2020 g. № 1523-r) (Energy strategy of the Russian Federation up to 2035 (Approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 9, 2020 No. 1523-p)).
2. Annual Energy Outlook 2020 with Ptojections to 2050. U.S. Energy Information Administration Office of Energy Analysis. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, 2020.
3. Rouch D.A. Electricity power plan to 2050: replacing coal- fired plants with renewable energy plants & better energy efficiency. – Clarendon Policy & Strategy Group, Melbourne, Australia, 2021, Working Paper No. 28.
4. Liserre M., Sauter T., Hung J.Y. Future Energy Systems: Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into the Smart Power Grid Through Industrial Electronics. – IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 2010, vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 18–37, DOI: 10.1109/MIE.2010.935861.
5. Kroposki B., et al. Achieving a 100 % Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energyю. – in IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2017, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 61–73, DOI: 10.1109/MPE.2016.2637122.
6. Keller J., Kroposki B. Understanding Fault Characteristics of Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources, 2010, DOI:10.2172/971441.
7. Behnke M., Ellis A. Contribution of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems to AC Short Circuits – a Survey of Current Modeling Practices and Challenges. – IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conf. (PVSC), Tampa, 2013, pp. 3128–3133.
8. Shuai Z., et al. Comparative Study of Short-Circuit Fault Characteristics for VSC-Based DC Distribution Networks With Different Distributed Generators. – IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 528–540, DOI: 10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2834542.
9. Meskin M., Domijan A., Grinberg I. Impact of Distributed Generation on the Protection Systems of Distribution Networks: Analysis and Remedies. – IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2020, No. 14, pp. 5944–5960, DOI:10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1652.
10. Antonov B.M., et. al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2018. No. 1, pp. 8–13.
11. Karaliolios P., et al. Overview of Short-Circuit Contribution of Various Distributed Generators on the Distribution Network. – 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, Padua, Italy, 2008, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651553.
12. Coster E.J., et al. Integration Issues of Distributed Generation in Distribution Grids. – in Proceedings of the IEEE, 2011, vol. 99, No. 1, pp. 28–39, DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2052776.
13. BS EN60898-1:2019. Electrical Accessories, Circuit Breakers for Overcurrent Protection for Household and Similar Installations. Part 1: Circuit-Breakers for A.C. Operation, 2019.
14. Antipov K.M., et. al. Elektricheskie stantsii – in Russ. (Electrical Power Plants), 2005, No. 4, pp. 19–32.
15. Alekseev B.А. Elektro – in Russ. (Electro), 2008, No. 3, pp. 50–56.
16. Paul W., et al. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Applications, Technical and Economical Benefits, Simulations and Test Results. CIGRE, 13–201, 2000.
17. Samet H., et al. Fault Current Limiter Versus Series Reac-tor. – IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, Italy, 2017, DOI: 10.1109/EEEIC.2017.7977495.
18. Prigmore J., Uzelac N. Fault Current Limiting (FCL) devices and techniques. In: Ito, H. (Ed.): ʻswitching equipment CIGRE green books' – Germany, 2019, pp. 399–432.
19. Okedu K.E., et al. Wind Farms Fault Ride Through Using DFIG with New Protection Scheme. – IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2012, No. 3, pp. 242–254.
20. Guo W., et al. Evaluation of the Performance of BTFCLs for Enhancing LVRT Capability of DFIG. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, No. 30, pp. 3623–3637.
21. Shurupov А.V., et al. Energiya edinoy seti – in Russ. (Unified Grid Energy), 2013, No. 2(7), pp. 54–65.
22. Pаt. RU 132270 U1. Tokoogranichivayushchee ustroystvo dlya vysokovol'tnyh liniy elektroperedach (Current Limiting Device for High-Voltage Power Lines) / B.М. Аntоnоv, et al, 2013.
23. Pаt. RU 88861 U1. Tokoogranichivayushchee ustroystvo na baze magnitno-svyazannyh reaktorov (Current Limiting Device Based on Magnetically Coupled Reactors) / B.М. Аntоnоv, 2009.
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The work was carried out with the support of the RFBR. Grant No. 19-08-00018-a.
