Сохранение постоянного уровня потерь в низковольтных ячейках высоковольтного многоуровневого преобразователя частоты в аварийных режимах
Ключевые слова:
высоковольтный преобразователь частоты, многоуровневый инвертор, широтно-импульсная модуляция с «гуляющей» ячейкой, авария низковольтной ячейки, выравнивание потерь
Аннотация
Для высоковольтных частотно-регулируемых электроприводов требуются специальные инверторы. Широко применяется многоуровневый преобразователь частоты, построенный на базе многообмоточного трансформатора и набора низковольтных ячеек. Основными преимуществами такой топологии преобразователя являются низкие гармонические искажения синусоиды выходных напряжений и токов, а также высокая надежность благодаря способности исключать из работы неисправную ячейку без остановки привода. Для выравнивания потерь между силовыми ячейками преобразователя разработан алгоритм широтно-импульсной модуляции с «гуляющей» ячейкой. Последовательное соединение ячеек позволяет увеличить эффективную частоту широтно-импульсной модуляции пропорционально количеству ячеек. Однако в случае выхода из строя одной ячейки частота коммутаций оставшихся в работе возрастает по сравнению с частотой коммутаций ячеек фаз со всеми исправными ячейками. Это приводит к росту коммутационных потерь в фазе с исключенной из работы ячейкой. В статье рассматривается алгоритм сохранения номинальных потерь в ячейках во всех фазах в аварийных условиях работы. Предлагаемый алгоритм исследован на модели, в которой было получено равномерное распределение потерь и высокое качество выходного напряжения.
Литература
1. Pharne I.D., Bhosale Y.N. A Review on Multilevel Inverter Topology. – International Conference on Power, Energy and Control (ICPEC), 2013, pp. 700–703, DOI: 10.1109/ICPEC.2013.6527746.
2. Rodriguez J., Lai J.-Sh., Peng F.Z. Multilevel Inverters: A Survey of Topologies, Controls, and Applications. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 724–738, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2002.801052.
3. Booma N., Sridhar N. Nine Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel DC-Link Inverter. – International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical and Computer Technology, 2011, pp. 315–320, DOI: 10.1109/ICETECT.2011.5760135.
4. Singh S. et al. Performance Analysis of a New Carrier Rotation Method for Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter. – IEEE First International Conference on Smart Technologies for Power, Energy and Control (STPEC), 2020, DOI: 10.1109/STPEC49749.2020.9297729.
5. Shi X. et al. A Comparison of Phase Disposition and Phase Shift PWM Strategies for Modular Multilevel Converters. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 4089–4096, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647244.
6. Пат. US 8982593 B2. Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) Inverter Level Shift PWM with Rotation / T. Nondahl et al., 2015.
7. McGrath B.P., Holmes D.G. Multicarrier PWM Strategies for Multilevel Inverters. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 858–867, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2002.801073.
8. McGrath B.P, Holmes D.G. A Comparison of Multicarrier PWM Strategies for Cascaded and Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Inverters. – IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2000, DOI:10.1109/PESC.2000.879898.
9. Kazemirova Y. et al. PWM Strategy for Equal Distribution of Losses Between Low-Voltage Cells in an MV Frequency Converter. – 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2020, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209791.
10. Kazemirova Y. et al. Analysis of Walking Cell PWM Strategy in Multilevel Frequency Converter in Fault Condition. – 9th International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS), 2021, DOI: 10.1109/MPS52805.2021.9492601.
11. Milovanović S., Dujić D. Comprehensive Spectral Analysis of PWM Waveforms with Compensated DC-Link Oscillations. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 12898–12908, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.2996418.
12. Di Piazza M.C., Pucci M. Efficiency Analysis in Induction Motor Drives with Discontinuous PWM and Electrical Loss Minimization. – International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2014, pp. 736–743, DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960263.
13. Van der Broeck H.W., Skudelny H.-C., Stanke G.V. Analysis and Realization of a Pulsewidth Modulator Based on Voltage Space Vectors. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1988, vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 142–150, DOI: 10.1109/28.87265.
14. Maharjan L. et al. Fault-Tolerant Operation of a Battery-Energy-Storage System Based on a Multilevel Cascade PWM Converter with Star Configuration. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2010, vol. 25, No. 9, pp. 2386–2396, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2047407.
15. Bazzi A.M., Krein P.T. Review of Methods for Real-Time Loss Minimization in Induction Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2010, vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 2319–2328, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2010.2070475.
#
1. Pharne I.D., Bhosale Y.N. A Review on Multilevel Inverter Topology. – International Conference on Power, Energy and Control (ICPEC), 2013, pp. 700–703, DOI: 10.1109/ICPEC.2013.6527746.
2. Rodriguez J., Lai J.-Sh., Peng F.Z. Multilevel Inverters: A Survey of Topologies, Controls, and Applications. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 724–738, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2002.801052.
3. Booma N., Sridhar N. Nine Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel DC-Link Inverter. – International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical and Computer Technology, 2011, pp. 315–320, DOI: 10.1109/ICETECT.2011.5760135.
4. Singh S. et al. Performance Analysis of a New Carrier Rotation Method for Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter. – IEEE First International Conference on Smart Technologies for Power, Energy and Control (STPEC), 2020, DOI: 10.1109/STPEC49749.2020.9297729.
5. Shi X. et al. A Comparison of Phase Disposition and Phase Shift PWM Strategies for Modular Multilevel Converters. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 4089–4096, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647244.
6. Pаt. US 8982593 B2. Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) Inverter Level Shift PWM with Rotation / T. Nondahl et al., 2015.
7. McGrath B.P., Holmes D.G. Multicarrier PWM Strategies for Multilevel Inverters. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 858–867, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2002.801073.
8. McGrath B.P, Holmes D.G. A Comparison of Multicarrier PWM Strategies for Cascaded and Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Inverters. – IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2000, DOI:10.1109/PESC.2000.879898.
9. Kazemirova Y. et al. PWM Strategy for Equal Distribution of Losses Between Low-Voltage Cells in an MV Frequency Converter. – 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2020, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209791.
10. Kazemirova Y. et al. Analysis of Walking Cell PWM Strategy in Multilevel Frequency Converter in Fault Condition. – 9th International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS), 2021, DOI: 10.1109/MPS52805.2021.9492601.
11. Milovanović S., Dujić D. Comprehensive Spectral Analysis of PWM Waveforms with Compensated DC-Link Oscillations. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 12898–12908, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.2996418.
12. Di Piazza M.C., Pucci M. Efficiency Analysis in Induction Motor Drives with Discontinuous PWM and Electrical Loss Minimization. – International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2014, pp. 736–743, DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960263.
13. Van der Broeck H.W., Skudelny H.-C., Stanke G.V. Analysis and Realization of a Pulsewidth Modulator Based on Voltage Space Vectors. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1988, vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 142–150, DOI: 10.1109/28.87265.
14. Maharjan L. et al. Fault-Tolerant Operation of a Battery-Energy-Storage System Based on a Multilevel Cascade PWM Converter with Star Configuration. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2010, vol. 25, No. 9, pp. 2386–2396, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2047407.
15. Bazzi A.M., Krein P.T. Review of Methods for Real-Time Loss Minimization in Induction Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2010, vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 2319–2328, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2010.2070475.
2. Rodriguez J., Lai J.-Sh., Peng F.Z. Multilevel Inverters: A Survey of Topologies, Controls, and Applications. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 724–738, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2002.801052.
3. Booma N., Sridhar N. Nine Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel DC-Link Inverter. – International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical and Computer Technology, 2011, pp. 315–320, DOI: 10.1109/ICETECT.2011.5760135.
4. Singh S. et al. Performance Analysis of a New Carrier Rotation Method for Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter. – IEEE First International Conference on Smart Technologies for Power, Energy and Control (STPEC), 2020, DOI: 10.1109/STPEC49749.2020.9297729.
5. Shi X. et al. A Comparison of Phase Disposition and Phase Shift PWM Strategies for Modular Multilevel Converters. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 4089–4096, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647244.
6. Пат. US 8982593 B2. Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) Inverter Level Shift PWM with Rotation / T. Nondahl et al., 2015.
7. McGrath B.P., Holmes D.G. Multicarrier PWM Strategies for Multilevel Inverters. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 858–867, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2002.801073.
8. McGrath B.P, Holmes D.G. A Comparison of Multicarrier PWM Strategies for Cascaded and Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Inverters. – IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2000, DOI:10.1109/PESC.2000.879898.
9. Kazemirova Y. et al. PWM Strategy for Equal Distribution of Losses Between Low-Voltage Cells in an MV Frequency Converter. – 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2020, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209791.
10. Kazemirova Y. et al. Analysis of Walking Cell PWM Strategy in Multilevel Frequency Converter in Fault Condition. – 9th International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS), 2021, DOI: 10.1109/MPS52805.2021.9492601.
11. Milovanović S., Dujić D. Comprehensive Spectral Analysis of PWM Waveforms with Compensated DC-Link Oscillations. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 12898–12908, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.2996418.
12. Di Piazza M.C., Pucci M. Efficiency Analysis in Induction Motor Drives with Discontinuous PWM and Electrical Loss Minimization. – International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2014, pp. 736–743, DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960263.
13. Van der Broeck H.W., Skudelny H.-C., Stanke G.V. Analysis and Realization of a Pulsewidth Modulator Based on Voltage Space Vectors. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1988, vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 142–150, DOI: 10.1109/28.87265.
14. Maharjan L. et al. Fault-Tolerant Operation of a Battery-Energy-Storage System Based on a Multilevel Cascade PWM Converter with Star Configuration. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2010, vol. 25, No. 9, pp. 2386–2396, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2047407.
15. Bazzi A.M., Krein P.T. Review of Methods for Real-Time Loss Minimization in Induction Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2010, vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 2319–2328, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2010.2070475.
#
1. Pharne I.D., Bhosale Y.N. A Review on Multilevel Inverter Topology. – International Conference on Power, Energy and Control (ICPEC), 2013, pp. 700–703, DOI: 10.1109/ICPEC.2013.6527746.
2. Rodriguez J., Lai J.-Sh., Peng F.Z. Multilevel Inverters: A Survey of Topologies, Controls, and Applications. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 724–738, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2002.801052.
3. Booma N., Sridhar N. Nine Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel DC-Link Inverter. – International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical and Computer Technology, 2011, pp. 315–320, DOI: 10.1109/ICETECT.2011.5760135.
4. Singh S. et al. Performance Analysis of a New Carrier Rotation Method for Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter. – IEEE First International Conference on Smart Technologies for Power, Energy and Control (STPEC), 2020, DOI: 10.1109/STPEC49749.2020.9297729.
5. Shi X. et al. A Comparison of Phase Disposition and Phase Shift PWM Strategies for Modular Multilevel Converters. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 4089–4096, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647244.
6. Pаt. US 8982593 B2. Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) Inverter Level Shift PWM with Rotation / T. Nondahl et al., 2015.
7. McGrath B.P., Holmes D.G. Multicarrier PWM Strategies for Multilevel Inverters. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002, vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 858–867, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2002.801073.
8. McGrath B.P, Holmes D.G. A Comparison of Multicarrier PWM Strategies for Cascaded and Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Inverters. – IEEE 31st Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2000, DOI:10.1109/PESC.2000.879898.
9. Kazemirova Y. et al. PWM Strategy for Equal Distribution of Losses Between Low-Voltage Cells in an MV Frequency Converter. – 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2020, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209791.
10. Kazemirova Y. et al. Analysis of Walking Cell PWM Strategy in Multilevel Frequency Converter in Fault Condition. – 9th International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS), 2021, DOI: 10.1109/MPS52805.2021.9492601.
11. Milovanović S., Dujić D. Comprehensive Spectral Analysis of PWM Waveforms with Compensated DC-Link Oscillations. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 12898–12908, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.2996418.
12. Di Piazza M.C., Pucci M. Efficiency Analysis in Induction Motor Drives with Discontinuous PWM and Electrical Loss Minimization. – International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2014, pp. 736–743, DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960263.
13. Van der Broeck H.W., Skudelny H.-C., Stanke G.V. Analysis and Realization of a Pulsewidth Modulator Based on Voltage Space Vectors. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1988, vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 142–150, DOI: 10.1109/28.87265.
14. Maharjan L. et al. Fault-Tolerant Operation of a Battery-Energy-Storage System Based on a Multilevel Cascade PWM Converter with Star Configuration. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2010, vol. 25, No. 9, pp. 2386–2396, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2047407.
15. Bazzi A.M., Krein P.T. Review of Methods for Real-Time Loss Minimization in Induction Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2010, vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 2319–2328, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2010.2070475.
