Электрические характеристики аддитивно изготовленных проводников из алюминиевого порошка AlSi10Mg
Ключевые слова:
удельное сопротивление, проводники, алюминиевый порошок, электрическая машина, аддитивная печать, отжиг
Аннотация
В мире активно развиваются технологии аддитивной печати. Особенно интересны перспективы использования этих технологий в изготовлении обмоток электрических машин. Аддитивная печать открывает новые возможности для создания обмоток с интегрированными каналами охлаждения. Это позволяет значительно повысить плотность тока и эффективно отводить выделяющееся тепло. Более того, аддитивная печать дает возможность создавать обмотки с уникальной оптимизированной геометрией, недостижимой при использовании традиционных методов. В статье представлен анализ электрических характеристик аддитивно изготовленных проводников из алюминиевого порошка AlSi10Mg. Приводится информация об используемом оборудовании. Экспериментальные результаты показали, что до проведения отжига проводников электрические характеристики, такие как сопротивление проводника, удельное сопротивление, значительно превышают расчетные значения, а электропроводность – ниже ожидаемой. Однако после проведения отжига проводников эти же показатели достигли 73 % показателей чистого алюминия, что свидетельствует о потенциале для дальнейших исследований в области аддитивной печати обмоток. Полученные результаты послужили важным шагом в развитии технологий аддитивной печати и открывают новые перспективы для создания электрических машин нового поколения.
Литература
1. Костыгова Т.В. Технология производства проводов. Пермь: Изд-во Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета, 2018, 155 с.
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3. Wu F., El-Refaie A.M., Al-Qarni A. Additively Manufactured Hollow Conductors Integrated with Heat Pipes: Design Tradeoffs and Hardware Demonstration. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2021, vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 3632–3642, DOI: 10.1109/TIA. 2021.3076423.
4. Wu F., EL-Refaie A.M., Al-Qarni A. Minimization of Winding AC Losses Using Inhomogeneous Electrical Conductivity Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 3447–3458, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE 44975.2020.9235598.
5. Simpson N. et al. Direct Thermal Management of Windings Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 1319–1327, DOI: 10.1109/TIA. 2022.3209171.
6. Simpson N. et al. Additive Manufacturing of Shaped Profile Windings for Minimal AC Loss in Electrical Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 2510–2519, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2018.8557999.
7. Selema A., Ibrahim M.N., Sergeant P. Additively Manufactured Ultralight Shaped-Profile Windings for HF Electrical Machines and Weight-Sensitive Applications. – IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2022, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 4313–4324, DOI: 10.1109/TTE. 2022.3173126.
8. Selema A., Ibrahim M.N., Sergeant P. Development of Novel Semi-Stranded Windings for High Speed Electrical Machines Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – Applied Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, No. 3, DOI: 10.3390/app13031653.
9. Wohlers C. et al. Design and Direct Liquid Cooling of Tooth-Coil Windings. – Electrical Engineering, 2018, vol. 100, pp. 2299–2308, DOI: 10.1007/s00202-018-0704-x.
10. РУСАЛ [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://rusal.ru (дата обращения 27.02.2025).
11. Vavilov V.E. et al. Improving the Processibility of Manufacturing Windings of Electrical Machines Using Additive Manufacturing Methods: Experience of Using A1Si10Mg and Carbon Nanotubes. – International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems (ICOECS), 2021, pp. 636–641, DOI: 10.1109/ICOECS52783.2021.9657373.
12. Зайнагутдинова Э.И., Вавилов В.Е., Подгузов А.А. Изменение электрических характеристик аддитивных обмоток из алюминиевого порошка при добавлении углеродных нанотрубок. – Электротехника, 2022, № 12, с. 11–13.
13. Шайхлисламов А.И., Исмагилов Ф.Р. О возможности аддитивной печати обмоток электрических машин. – Электротехника, 2024, № 12, с. 54–57.
14. Шайхлисламов А.И., Исмагилов Ф.Р. Обзор аддитивных технологий и их применение при изготовлении обмоток электрических машин. – Всерос. научно-практ. конф. «Энергетика будущего», 2024, с. 187–197.
15. Лазерные системы [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://www.lsystems.ru (дата обращения 27.02.2025).
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Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России (грант № 075-03-2023-119/9)
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1. Kostygova T.V. Tekhnologiya proizvodstva provodov (Wire Manufacturing Technology). Perm’: Izd-vo Permskogo natsional’nogo issledovatel’skogo politehnicheskogo universiteta, 2018, 155 p.
2. Wu F., El-Refaie A.M. Additively Manufactured Hollow Conductors with Integrated Cooling for High Specific Power Electrical Machines. – International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2020, pp. 1497–1503, DOI: 10.1109/ICEM49940.2020.9270871.
3. Wu F., El-Refaie A.M., Al-Qarni A. Additively Manufactured Hollow Conductors Integrated with Heat Pipes: Design Tradeoffs and Hardware Demonstration. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2021, vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 3632–3642, DOI: 10.1109/TIA. 2021.3076423.
4. Wu F., EL-Refaie A.M., Al-Qarni A. Minimization of Winding AC Losses Using Inhomogeneous Electrical Conductivity Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 3447–3458, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235598.
5. Simpson N. et al. Direct Thermal Management of Windings Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 1319–1327, DOI: 10.1109/TIA. 2022.3209171.
6. Simpson N. et al. Additive Manufacturing of Shaped Profile Windings for Minimal AC Loss in Electrical Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 2510–2519, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2018.8557999.
7. Selema A., Ibrahim M.N., Sergeant P. Additively Manufactu-red Ultralight Shaped-Profile Windings for HF Electrical Machines and Weight-Sensitive Applications. – IEEE Transactions on Transpor-tation Electrification, 2022, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 4313–4324, DOI: 10.1109/TTE.2022.3173126.
8. Selema A., Ibrahim M.N., Sergeant P. Development of Novel Semi-Stranded Windings for High Speed Electrical Machines Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – Applied Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, No. 3, DOI: 10.3390/app13031653.
9. Wohlers C. et al. Design and Direct Liquid Cooling of Tooth-Coil Windings. – Electrical Engineering, 2018, vol. 100, pp. 2299–2308, DOI: 10.1007/s00202-018-0704-x.
10. RUSAL [Electron. resource], URL: https://rusal.ru (Access on 27.02.2025).
11. Vavilov V.E. et al. Improving the Processibility of Manufacturing Windings of Electrical Machines Using Additive Manufacturing Methods: Experience of Using A1Si10Mg and Carbon Nanotubes. – International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems (ICOECS), 2021, pp. 636–641, DOI: 10.1109/ICOECS52783.2021.9657373.
12. Zaynagutdinova E.I., Vavilov V.E., Podguzov A.A. Elektro-tekhnika – in Russ. (Electrical Engineering), 2022, No. 12, pp. 11–13.
13. Shayhlislamov A.I., Ismagilov F.R. Elektrotekhnika – in Russ. (Electrical Engineering), 2024, No. 12, pp. 54–57.
14. Shayhlislamov A.I., Ismagilov F.R. Vseros. nauchno-prakt. konf. «Energetika budushchego» – in Russ. (All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Energy of the Future”), 2024, pp. 187–197.
15. Lazernye sistemy (Laser Systems) [Electron. resource], URL: https://www.lsystems.ru (Access on 27.02.2025)
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This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, grant no. 075-03-2023-119/9
2. Wu F., El-Refaie A.M. Additively Manufactured Hollow Conductors with Integrated Cooling for High Specific Power Electrical Machines. – International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2020, pp. 1497–1503, DOI: 10.1109/ICEM49940.2020.9270871.
3. Wu F., El-Refaie A.M., Al-Qarni A. Additively Manufactured Hollow Conductors Integrated with Heat Pipes: Design Tradeoffs and Hardware Demonstration. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2021, vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 3632–3642, DOI: 10.1109/TIA. 2021.3076423.
4. Wu F., EL-Refaie A.M., Al-Qarni A. Minimization of Winding AC Losses Using Inhomogeneous Electrical Conductivity Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 3447–3458, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE 44975.2020.9235598.
5. Simpson N. et al. Direct Thermal Management of Windings Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 1319–1327, DOI: 10.1109/TIA. 2022.3209171.
6. Simpson N. et al. Additive Manufacturing of Shaped Profile Windings for Minimal AC Loss in Electrical Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 2510–2519, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2018.8557999.
7. Selema A., Ibrahim M.N., Sergeant P. Additively Manufactured Ultralight Shaped-Profile Windings for HF Electrical Machines and Weight-Sensitive Applications. – IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2022, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 4313–4324, DOI: 10.1109/TTE. 2022.3173126.
8. Selema A., Ibrahim M.N., Sergeant P. Development of Novel Semi-Stranded Windings for High Speed Electrical Machines Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – Applied Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, No. 3, DOI: 10.3390/app13031653.
9. Wohlers C. et al. Design and Direct Liquid Cooling of Tooth-Coil Windings. – Electrical Engineering, 2018, vol. 100, pp. 2299–2308, DOI: 10.1007/s00202-018-0704-x.
10. РУСАЛ [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://rusal.ru (дата обращения 27.02.2025).
11. Vavilov V.E. et al. Improving the Processibility of Manufacturing Windings of Electrical Machines Using Additive Manufacturing Methods: Experience of Using A1Si10Mg and Carbon Nanotubes. – International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems (ICOECS), 2021, pp. 636–641, DOI: 10.1109/ICOECS52783.2021.9657373.
12. Зайнагутдинова Э.И., Вавилов В.Е., Подгузов А.А. Изменение электрических характеристик аддитивных обмоток из алюминиевого порошка при добавлении углеродных нанотрубок. – Электротехника, 2022, № 12, с. 11–13.
13. Шайхлисламов А.И., Исмагилов Ф.Р. О возможности аддитивной печати обмоток электрических машин. – Электротехника, 2024, № 12, с. 54–57.
14. Шайхлисламов А.И., Исмагилов Ф.Р. Обзор аддитивных технологий и их применение при изготовлении обмоток электрических машин. – Всерос. научно-практ. конф. «Энергетика будущего», 2024, с. 187–197.
15. Лазерные системы [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://www.lsystems.ru (дата обращения 27.02.2025).
---
Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России (грант № 075-03-2023-119/9)
#
1. Kostygova T.V. Tekhnologiya proizvodstva provodov (Wire Manufacturing Technology). Perm’: Izd-vo Permskogo natsional’nogo issledovatel’skogo politehnicheskogo universiteta, 2018, 155 p.
2. Wu F., El-Refaie A.M. Additively Manufactured Hollow Conductors with Integrated Cooling for High Specific Power Electrical Machines. – International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2020, pp. 1497–1503, DOI: 10.1109/ICEM49940.2020.9270871.
3. Wu F., El-Refaie A.M., Al-Qarni A. Additively Manufactured Hollow Conductors Integrated with Heat Pipes: Design Tradeoffs and Hardware Demonstration. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2021, vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 3632–3642, DOI: 10.1109/TIA. 2021.3076423.
4. Wu F., EL-Refaie A.M., Al-Qarni A. Minimization of Winding AC Losses Using Inhomogeneous Electrical Conductivity Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 3447–3458, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE44975.2020.9235598.
5. Simpson N. et al. Direct Thermal Management of Windings Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 1319–1327, DOI: 10.1109/TIA. 2022.3209171.
6. Simpson N. et al. Additive Manufacturing of Shaped Profile Windings for Minimal AC Loss in Electrical Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 2510–2519, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2018.8557999.
7. Selema A., Ibrahim M.N., Sergeant P. Additively Manufactu-red Ultralight Shaped-Profile Windings for HF Electrical Machines and Weight-Sensitive Applications. – IEEE Transactions on Transpor-tation Electrification, 2022, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 4313–4324, DOI: 10.1109/TTE.2022.3173126.
8. Selema A., Ibrahim M.N., Sergeant P. Development of Novel Semi-Stranded Windings for High Speed Electrical Machines Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. – Applied Sciences, 2023, vol. 13, No. 3, DOI: 10.3390/app13031653.
9. Wohlers C. et al. Design and Direct Liquid Cooling of Tooth-Coil Windings. – Electrical Engineering, 2018, vol. 100, pp. 2299–2308, DOI: 10.1007/s00202-018-0704-x.
10. RUSAL [Electron. resource], URL: https://rusal.ru (Access on 27.02.2025).
11. Vavilov V.E. et al. Improving the Processibility of Manufacturing Windings of Electrical Machines Using Additive Manufacturing Methods: Experience of Using A1Si10Mg and Carbon Nanotubes. – International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems (ICOECS), 2021, pp. 636–641, DOI: 10.1109/ICOECS52783.2021.9657373.
12. Zaynagutdinova E.I., Vavilov V.E., Podguzov A.A. Elektro-tekhnika – in Russ. (Electrical Engineering), 2022, No. 12, pp. 11–13.
13. Shayhlislamov A.I., Ismagilov F.R. Elektrotekhnika – in Russ. (Electrical Engineering), 2024, No. 12, pp. 54–57.
14. Shayhlislamov A.I., Ismagilov F.R. Vseros. nauchno-prakt. konf. «Energetika budushchego» – in Russ. (All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Energy of the Future”), 2024, pp. 187–197.
15. Lazernye sistemy (Laser Systems) [Electron. resource], URL: https://www.lsystems.ru (Access on 27.02.2025)
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This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, grant no. 075-03-2023-119/9
