Управление сетевым инвертором на основе виртуального синхронного генератора при изменении плотности электрической сети
Ключевые слова:
виртуальный синхронный генератор, сетевой инвертор, плотность сети, система управления, электроэнергетические системы, возобновляемые источники энергии
Аннотация
В статье приводятся результаты анализа эффективности работы предложенной авторами структуры системы автоматического управления сетевым инвертером объектов на базе возобновляемых источников энергии на основе виртуального синхронного генератора, управляемого по току, с применением сформированной линеаризованной модели объекта исследования и метода малых колебаний. Для разработанной модели выполнена верификация, а представленные результаты отражают особенности предлагаемой системы управления в сравнении с традиционной структурой виртуального синхронного генератора, управляемого по напряжению. Доказано, что предлагаемая модель виртуального синхронного генератора, управляемого по току, обеспечивает устойчивое функционирование при малых отклонениях параметров режима в широком диапазоне изменения плотности сети. При этом удалось достичь эффективного быстродействия и уровня демпфирования, которые обеспечивают приемлемый инерционный отклик. Установлено, что улучшение демпфирования путём настройки позволяет сократить время набора мощности и благоприятно сказывается на инерционном отклике разработанной модели на всём рассматриваемом диапазоне изменения плотности сети, чего не удаётся достигнуть для традиционной структуры виртуального синхронного генератора, управляемого по напряжению.
Литература
1. Суворов А.А. и др. Система автоматического управления силовым преобразователем на основе свободно конфигурируемой структуры виртуального синхронного генератора. – Электричество, 2022, № 4, с. 15–26.
2. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. A Virtual Synchronous Machine Implementation for Distributed Control of Power Converters in Smart Grids. – Electric Power Systems Research, 2015, vol. 122, pp. 180–197, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.01.001.
3. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. Control System Tuning and Stability Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2664–2671, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647045.
4. Akagi H., Watanabe E.Н., Aredes M. Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning. USA: IEEE Press, 2017, 472 p.
5. Xin L. et al. Mechanism Analysis and Suppression Strategies of Power Oscillation for Virtual Synchronous Generator. – 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), 2017, pp. 4955–4960, DOI:10.1109/IECON.2017.8216855.
6. Chen J., O’Donnell T. Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Generator Control and Its Response Based on Transfer Functions. – IET Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 12, No. 11, DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5711.
7. Shintai T., Miura Y., Ise T. Oscillation Damping of a Distributed Generator Using a Virtual Synchronous Generator. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014, vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 668–676, DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2281359.
8. Mandrile F., Carpaneto E., Bojoi R. Virtual Synchronous Generator with Simplified Single-Axis Damper Winding. – IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2019, pp. 2123–2128, DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2019.8781233.
9. Wang X. et al. Grid Synchronization Stability of Converter-Based Resources: An Overview. – IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 1, pp. 115–134, DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2020.3020392.
10. Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, 1994, 1196 p.
11. Suvorov A. et al. Freely Customized Virtual Generator Model for Grid-Forming Converter with Hydrogen Energy Storage. – International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, vol. 47, No. 82, pp. 34739–34761, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.119.
12. Suul J.A. et al. Tuning of Control Loops for Grid Connected Voltage Source Converters. – IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference, 2008, pp. 797–802, DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2008.4762584.
13. Askarov A.B. et al. A Review and Comparison of Current Trends in Virtual Synchronous Generator's Models. – IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2022, vol. 55, No. 9, pp. 350–355, DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.061.
14. Unamuno E. et al. Comparative Eigenvalue Analysis of Synchronous Machine Emulations and Synchronous Machines. – IECON 2019 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019, pp. 3863–3870, DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927826.
15. Huang L., Xin H., Wang Z. Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations Through VSC-HVdc Stations Operated as Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5803–5818, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2866523.
16. Meng X., Liu J., Liu Z. A Generalized Droop Control for Grid-Supporting Inverter Based on Comparison between Traditional Droop Control and Virtual Synchronous Generator Control. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5416–5438, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2868722.
---
Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 21-79-00129
#
1. Suvorov A.A. et al. Elektrichestvo. – in Russ. (Electricity), 2022, No. 4, pp. 15–26.
2. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. A Virtual Synchronous Machine Implementation for Distributed Control of Power Converters in Smart Grids. – Electric Power Systems Research, 2015, vol. 122, pp. 180–197, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.01.001.
3. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. Control System Tuning and Stability Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2664–2671, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647045.
4. Akagi H., Watanabe E.Н., Aredes M. Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning. USA: IEEE Press, 2017, 472 p.
5. Xin L. et al. Mechanism Analysis and Suppression Strategies of Power Oscillation for Virtual Synchronous Generator. – 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), 2017, pp. 4955–4960, DOI:10.1109/IECON.2017.8216855.
6. Chen J., O’Donnell T. Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Genera-tor Control and Its Response Based on Transfer Functions. – IET Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 12, No. 11, DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5711.
7. Shintai T., Miura Y., Ise T. Oscillation Damping of a Distributed Generator Using a Virtual Synchronous Generator. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014, vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 668–676, DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2281359.
8. Mandrile F., Carpaneto E., Bojoi R. Virtual Synchronous Generator with Simplified Single-Axis Damper Winding. – IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2019, pp. 2123–2128, DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2019.8781233.
9. Wang X. et al. Grid Synchronization Stability of Converter-Based Resources: An Overview. – IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 1, pp. 115–134, DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2020.3020392.
10. Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, 1994, 1196 p.
11. Suvorov A. et al. Freely Customized Virtual Generator Model for Grid-Forming Converter with Hydrogen Energy Storage. – International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, vol. 47, No. 82, pp. 34739–34761, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.119.
12. Suul J.A. et al. Tuning of Control Loops for Grid Connected Voltage Source Converters. – IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference, 2008, pp. 797–802, DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2008. 4762584.
13. Askarov A.B. et al. A Review and Comparison of Current Trends in Virtual Synchronous Generator's Models. – IFAC-Pa-persOnLine, 2022, vol. 55, No. 9, pp. 350–355, DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol. 2022.07.061.
14. Unamuno E. et al. Comparative Eigenvalue Analysis of Synchronous Machine Emulations and Synchronous Machines. – IECON 2019 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019, pp. 3863–3870, DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927826.
15. Huang L., Xin H., Wang Z. Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations Through VSC-HVdc Stations Operated as Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5803–5818, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2866523.
16. Meng X., Liu J., Liu Z. A Generalized Droop Control for Grid-Supporting Inverter Based on Comparison between Traditional Droop Control and Virtual Synchronous Generator Control. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5416–5438, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2868722.
---
The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 21-79-00129
2. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. A Virtual Synchronous Machine Implementation for Distributed Control of Power Converters in Smart Grids. – Electric Power Systems Research, 2015, vol. 122, pp. 180–197, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.01.001.
3. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. Control System Tuning and Stability Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2664–2671, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647045.
4. Akagi H., Watanabe E.Н., Aredes M. Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning. USA: IEEE Press, 2017, 472 p.
5. Xin L. et al. Mechanism Analysis and Suppression Strategies of Power Oscillation for Virtual Synchronous Generator. – 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), 2017, pp. 4955–4960, DOI:10.1109/IECON.2017.8216855.
6. Chen J., O’Donnell T. Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Generator Control and Its Response Based on Transfer Functions. – IET Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 12, No. 11, DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5711.
7. Shintai T., Miura Y., Ise T. Oscillation Damping of a Distributed Generator Using a Virtual Synchronous Generator. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014, vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 668–676, DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2281359.
8. Mandrile F., Carpaneto E., Bojoi R. Virtual Synchronous Generator with Simplified Single-Axis Damper Winding. – IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2019, pp. 2123–2128, DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2019.8781233.
9. Wang X. et al. Grid Synchronization Stability of Converter-Based Resources: An Overview. – IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 1, pp. 115–134, DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2020.3020392.
10. Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, 1994, 1196 p.
11. Suvorov A. et al. Freely Customized Virtual Generator Model for Grid-Forming Converter with Hydrogen Energy Storage. – International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, vol. 47, No. 82, pp. 34739–34761, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.119.
12. Suul J.A. et al. Tuning of Control Loops for Grid Connected Voltage Source Converters. – IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference, 2008, pp. 797–802, DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2008.4762584.
13. Askarov A.B. et al. A Review and Comparison of Current Trends in Virtual Synchronous Generator's Models. – IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2022, vol. 55, No. 9, pp. 350–355, DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.061.
14. Unamuno E. et al. Comparative Eigenvalue Analysis of Synchronous Machine Emulations and Synchronous Machines. – IECON 2019 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019, pp. 3863–3870, DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927826.
15. Huang L., Xin H., Wang Z. Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations Through VSC-HVdc Stations Operated as Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5803–5818, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2866523.
16. Meng X., Liu J., Liu Z. A Generalized Droop Control for Grid-Supporting Inverter Based on Comparison between Traditional Droop Control and Virtual Synchronous Generator Control. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5416–5438, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2868722.
---
Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 21-79-00129
#
1. Suvorov A.A. et al. Elektrichestvo. – in Russ. (Electricity), 2022, No. 4, pp. 15–26.
2. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. A Virtual Synchronous Machine Implementation for Distributed Control of Power Converters in Smart Grids. – Electric Power Systems Research, 2015, vol. 122, pp. 180–197, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.01.001.
3. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. Control System Tuning and Stability Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2664–2671, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647045.
4. Akagi H., Watanabe E.Н., Aredes M. Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning. USA: IEEE Press, 2017, 472 p.
5. Xin L. et al. Mechanism Analysis and Suppression Strategies of Power Oscillation for Virtual Synchronous Generator. – 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), 2017, pp. 4955–4960, DOI:10.1109/IECON.2017.8216855.
6. Chen J., O’Donnell T. Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Genera-tor Control and Its Response Based on Transfer Functions. – IET Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 12, No. 11, DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5711.
7. Shintai T., Miura Y., Ise T. Oscillation Damping of a Distributed Generator Using a Virtual Synchronous Generator. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014, vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 668–676, DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2281359.
8. Mandrile F., Carpaneto E., Bojoi R. Virtual Synchronous Generator with Simplified Single-Axis Damper Winding. – IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2019, pp. 2123–2128, DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2019.8781233.
9. Wang X. et al. Grid Synchronization Stability of Converter-Based Resources: An Overview. – IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 1, pp. 115–134, DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2020.3020392.
10. Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, 1994, 1196 p.
11. Suvorov A. et al. Freely Customized Virtual Generator Model for Grid-Forming Converter with Hydrogen Energy Storage. – International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, vol. 47, No. 82, pp. 34739–34761, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.119.
12. Suul J.A. et al. Tuning of Control Loops for Grid Connected Voltage Source Converters. – IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference, 2008, pp. 797–802, DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2008. 4762584.
13. Askarov A.B. et al. A Review and Comparison of Current Trends in Virtual Synchronous Generator's Models. – IFAC-Pa-persOnLine, 2022, vol. 55, No. 9, pp. 350–355, DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol. 2022.07.061.
14. Unamuno E. et al. Comparative Eigenvalue Analysis of Synchronous Machine Emulations and Synchronous Machines. – IECON 2019 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019, pp. 3863–3870, DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927826.
15. Huang L., Xin H., Wang Z. Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations Through VSC-HVdc Stations Operated as Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5803–5818, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2866523.
16. Meng X., Liu J., Liu Z. A Generalized Droop Control for Grid-Supporting Inverter Based on Comparison between Traditional Droop Control and Virtual Synchronous Generator Control. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5416–5438, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2868722.
---
The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 21-79-00129
