Grid-tie Inverter Control Based on a Virtual Synchronous Generator with a Variable Electric Grid Density
Keywords:
virtual synchronous generator, grid-tie inverter, grid density, control system, electric power systems, renewable energy sources
Abstract
The paper presents the results of analyzing the effectiveness of the proposed structure of a system for automatically controlling the grid-tie inverter of renewable energy sources based on a current-controlled virtual synchronous generator (CC-VSG) carried out using the developed linearized model of the proposed system and the small-signal stability analysis. The developed model has been verified, and the presented study results reflect the specific features of the proposed control system in comparison with the conventional structure of a voltage-controlled VSG (VC-VSG). It has been proven that the proposed CC-VSG model shows stable operation under small perturbations of the operating parameters over a wide range of network density variations. At the same time, an effective response speed and damping level that ensure an acceptable inertial response have been achieved. It has also been determined that the improvement of damping by tuning makes it possible to more rapidly increase the power output and has a favorable effect on the inertial response of the CC-VSG model over the entire network density variation range considered, which cannot be achieved by using the conventional VC-VSG structure.
References
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7. Shintai T., Miura Y., Ise T. Oscillation Damping of a Distributed Generator Using a Virtual Synchronous Generator. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014, vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 668–676, DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2281359.
8. Mandrile F., Carpaneto E., Bojoi R. Virtual Synchronous Generator with Simplified Single-Axis Damper Winding. – IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2019, pp. 2123–2128, DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2019.8781233.
9. Wang X. et al. Grid Synchronization Stability of Converter-Based Resources: An Overview. – IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 1, pp. 115–134, DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2020.3020392.
10. Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, 1994, 1196 p.
11. Suvorov A. et al. Freely Customized Virtual Generator Model for Grid-Forming Converter with Hydrogen Energy Storage. – International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, vol. 47, No. 82, pp. 34739–34761, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.119.
12. Suul J.A. et al. Tuning of Control Loops for Grid Connected Voltage Source Converters. – IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference, 2008, pp. 797–802, DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2008.4762584.
13. Askarov A.B. et al. A Review and Comparison of Current Trends in Virtual Synchronous Generator's Models. – IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2022, vol. 55, No. 9, pp. 350–355, DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.061.
14. Unamuno E. et al. Comparative Eigenvalue Analysis of Synchronous Machine Emulations and Synchronous Machines. – IECON 2019 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019, pp. 3863–3870, DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927826.
15. Huang L., Xin H., Wang Z. Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations Through VSC-HVdc Stations Operated as Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5803–5818, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2866523.
16. Meng X., Liu J., Liu Z. A Generalized Droop Control for Grid-Supporting Inverter Based on Comparison between Traditional Droop Control and Virtual Synchronous Generator Control. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5416–5438, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2868722.
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Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 21-79-00129
#
1. Suvorov A.A. et al. Elektrichestvo. – in Russ. (Electricity), 2022, No. 4, pp. 15–26.
2. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. A Virtual Synchronous Machine Implementation for Distributed Control of Power Converters in Smart Grids. – Electric Power Systems Research, 2015, vol. 122, pp. 180–197, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.01.001.
3. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. Control System Tuning and Stability Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2664–2671, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647045.
4. Akagi H., Watanabe E.Н., Aredes M. Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning. USA: IEEE Press, 2017, 472 p.
5. Xin L. et al. Mechanism Analysis and Suppression Strategies of Power Oscillation for Virtual Synchronous Generator. – 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), 2017, pp. 4955–4960, DOI:10.1109/IECON.2017.8216855.
6. Chen J., O’Donnell T. Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Genera-tor Control and Its Response Based on Transfer Functions. – IET Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 12, No. 11, DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5711.
7. Shintai T., Miura Y., Ise T. Oscillation Damping of a Distributed Generator Using a Virtual Synchronous Generator. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014, vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 668–676, DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2281359.
8. Mandrile F., Carpaneto E., Bojoi R. Virtual Synchronous Generator with Simplified Single-Axis Damper Winding. – IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2019, pp. 2123–2128, DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2019.8781233.
9. Wang X. et al. Grid Synchronization Stability of Converter-Based Resources: An Overview. – IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 1, pp. 115–134, DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2020.3020392.
10. Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, 1994, 1196 p.
11. Suvorov A. et al. Freely Customized Virtual Generator Model for Grid-Forming Converter with Hydrogen Energy Storage. – International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, vol. 47, No. 82, pp. 34739–34761, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.119.
12. Suul J.A. et al. Tuning of Control Loops for Grid Connected Voltage Source Converters. – IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference, 2008, pp. 797–802, DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2008. 4762584.
13. Askarov A.B. et al. A Review and Comparison of Current Trends in Virtual Synchronous Generator's Models. – IFAC-Pa-persOnLine, 2022, vol. 55, No. 9, pp. 350–355, DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol. 2022.07.061.
14. Unamuno E. et al. Comparative Eigenvalue Analysis of Synchronous Machine Emulations and Synchronous Machines. – IECON 2019 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019, pp. 3863–3870, DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927826.
15. Huang L., Xin H., Wang Z. Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations Through VSC-HVdc Stations Operated as Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5803–5818, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2866523.
16. Meng X., Liu J., Liu Z. A Generalized Droop Control for Grid-Supporting Inverter Based on Comparison between Traditional Droop Control and Virtual Synchronous Generator Control. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5416–5438, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2868722.
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The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 21-79-00129
2. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. A Virtual Synchronous Machine Implementation for Distributed Control of Power Converters in Smart Grids. – Electric Power Systems Research, 2015, vol. 122, pp. 180–197, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.01.001.
3. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. Control System Tuning and Stability Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2664–2671, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647045.
4. Akagi H., Watanabe E.Н., Aredes M. Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning. USA: IEEE Press, 2017, 472 p.
5. Xin L. et al. Mechanism Analysis and Suppression Strategies of Power Oscillation for Virtual Synchronous Generator. – 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), 2017, pp. 4955–4960, DOI:10.1109/IECON.2017.8216855.
6. Chen J., O’Donnell T. Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Generator Control and Its Response Based on Transfer Functions. – IET Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 12, No. 11, DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5711.
7. Shintai T., Miura Y., Ise T. Oscillation Damping of a Distributed Generator Using a Virtual Synchronous Generator. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014, vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 668–676, DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2281359.
8. Mandrile F., Carpaneto E., Bojoi R. Virtual Synchronous Generator with Simplified Single-Axis Damper Winding. – IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2019, pp. 2123–2128, DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2019.8781233.
9. Wang X. et al. Grid Synchronization Stability of Converter-Based Resources: An Overview. – IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 1, pp. 115–134, DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2020.3020392.
10. Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, 1994, 1196 p.
11. Suvorov A. et al. Freely Customized Virtual Generator Model for Grid-Forming Converter with Hydrogen Energy Storage. – International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, vol. 47, No. 82, pp. 34739–34761, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.119.
12. Suul J.A. et al. Tuning of Control Loops for Grid Connected Voltage Source Converters. – IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference, 2008, pp. 797–802, DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2008.4762584.
13. Askarov A.B. et al. A Review and Comparison of Current Trends in Virtual Synchronous Generator's Models. – IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2022, vol. 55, No. 9, pp. 350–355, DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.061.
14. Unamuno E. et al. Comparative Eigenvalue Analysis of Synchronous Machine Emulations and Synchronous Machines. – IECON 2019 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019, pp. 3863–3870, DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927826.
15. Huang L., Xin H., Wang Z. Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations Through VSC-HVdc Stations Operated as Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5803–5818, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2866523.
16. Meng X., Liu J., Liu Z. A Generalized Droop Control for Grid-Supporting Inverter Based on Comparison between Traditional Droop Control and Virtual Synchronous Generator Control. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5416–5438, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2868722.
---
Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 21-79-00129
#
1. Suvorov A.A. et al. Elektrichestvo. – in Russ. (Electricity), 2022, No. 4, pp. 15–26.
2. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. A Virtual Synchronous Machine Implementation for Distributed Control of Power Converters in Smart Grids. – Electric Power Systems Research, 2015, vol. 122, pp. 180–197, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.01.001.
3. D’Arco S., Suul J.A., Fosso O.B. Control System Tuning and Stability Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2013, pp. 2664–2671, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2013.6647045.
4. Akagi H., Watanabe E.Н., Aredes M. Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning. USA: IEEE Press, 2017, 472 p.
5. Xin L. et al. Mechanism Analysis and Suppression Strategies of Power Oscillation for Virtual Synchronous Generator. – 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), 2017, pp. 4955–4960, DOI:10.1109/IECON.2017.8216855.
6. Chen J., O’Donnell T. Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Genera-tor Control and Its Response Based on Transfer Functions. – IET Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 12, No. 11, DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5711.
7. Shintai T., Miura Y., Ise T. Oscillation Damping of a Distributed Generator Using a Virtual Synchronous Generator. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014, vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 668–676, DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2281359.
8. Mandrile F., Carpaneto E., Bojoi R. Virtual Synchronous Generator with Simplified Single-Axis Damper Winding. – IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2019, pp. 2123–2128, DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2019.8781233.
9. Wang X. et al. Grid Synchronization Stability of Converter-Based Resources: An Overview. – IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 1, pp. 115–134, DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2020.3020392.
10. Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. McGraw-Hill, 1994, 1196 p.
11. Suvorov A. et al. Freely Customized Virtual Generator Model for Grid-Forming Converter with Hydrogen Energy Storage. – International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, vol. 47, No. 82, pp. 34739–34761, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.119.
12. Suul J.A. et al. Tuning of Control Loops for Grid Connected Voltage Source Converters. – IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference, 2008, pp. 797–802, DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2008. 4762584.
13. Askarov A.B. et al. A Review and Comparison of Current Trends in Virtual Synchronous Generator's Models. – IFAC-Pa-persOnLine, 2022, vol. 55, No. 9, pp. 350–355, DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol. 2022.07.061.
14. Unamuno E. et al. Comparative Eigenvalue Analysis of Synchronous Machine Emulations and Synchronous Machines. – IECON 2019 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019, pp. 3863–3870, DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927826.
15. Huang L., Xin H., Wang Z. Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations Through VSC-HVdc Stations Operated as Virtual Synchronous Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5803–5818, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2866523.
16. Meng X., Liu J., Liu Z. A Generalized Droop Control for Grid-Supporting Inverter Based on Comparison between Traditional Droop Control and Virtual Synchronous Generator Control. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 5416–5438, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2018.2868722.
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The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 21-79-00129
Published
2023-01-26
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