Оценка механических напряжений ротора и электромагнитных показателей электрической машины с постоянными магнитами
Ключевые слова:
электрическая машина, инкорпорированные магниты, мостик насыщения, механическая прочность, конечно-элементный анализ
Аннотация
Электрические машины с постоянными магнитами, инкорпорированными в ротор, имеют широкие перспективы применения в приложениях, отличающихся повышенной частотой вращения электромеханического преобразователя. Способ расположения постоянных магнитов на вращающейся части электромеханического преобразователя существенно влияет на механическую прочность ротора и электромагнитную эффективность машины. В статье рассмотрены способы снижения механических напряжений в роторе синхронной машины с V-образными постоянными магнитами. Предварительная оценка напряжений проведена по упрощенной аналитической модели. На этой основе выбраны варианты конфигурации постоянных магнитов и полюсных наконечников ротора. С помощью конечно-элементного анализа получена картина распределения механических нагрузок на наружный и внутренний мостики насыщения, уточняющая и подтверждающая приближенные аналитические результаты. Выполнена оптимизация конструкции ротора по критерию минимума максимальных напряжений в мостиках насыщения. В качестве независимых параметров выбраны угол разворота постоянных магнитов на полюсе и радиус галтели в местах сочленения постоянного магнита и полюсного наконечника. Приведены результаты проверки предложенных решений по обеспечению требуемого значения магнитной индукции в зазоре, рассчитаны угловые характеристики. На основе результатов теоретических исследований спроектирован и изготовлен опытный образец синхронного двигателя с ротором, содержащим V-образные постоянные магниты, и проведены его испытания.
Литература
1. Балагуров В.А. Проектирование специальных электрических машин переменного тока. М.: Высшая школа, 1982, 272 с.
2. Jang G.-H. et al. Design and Characteristic Analysis of a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering the Mechanical Structure for High-Speed and High-Head Centrifugal Pumps. – IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, vol. 54, No. 11, DOI:10.1109/TMAG.2018.2845874.
3. El-Refaie A.M., Osama M. High Specific Power Electrical Machines: A System Perspective. – 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2017, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2017.8055931.
4. Беспалов В.Я., Коварский М.Е., Сидоров А.О. Исследование пульсаций электромагнитного момента синхронных машин с постоянными магнитами с целым и дробным значениями q. – Электричество, 2018, № 5, с. 45–51.
5. Gieras J.F., Wing M. High Power Density Brushless Motors in Permanent Magnet Motor Technology: Design and Applications, 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010, 364 p.
6. Bianchi N., Bolognani S., Luise F. Potentials and Limits of High-Speed PM Motors. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2004, vol.40, No. 6, pp. 1570–1578, DOI:10.1109/TIA.2004.836173.
7. Dietz D., Messager G., Binder A. 1kW/60,000 min−1 Bearingless PM Motor with Combined Winding for Torque and Rotor Suspension. – IET Electric Power Applications, 2018, vol. 12, No. 8, pp.1065–1232, DOI:10.1049/iet-epa.2018.0013.
8. Jeong C.-L., Kim Y.-K., Hur J. Optimized Design of PMSM with Hybrid Type Permanent Magnet for Improving Performance and Reliability. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 4692–4701, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2019.2924614.
9. Zubkov Yu.V. Mechanical Strength of the Rotor with Internal Permanent Magnets. – International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems (ICOECS), 2021, DOI:10.1109/ICOECS 52783.2021.9657430.
10. Zubkov Yu.V., Vereshagin V.E. Designing of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Electric Machines with Rotor Strength Verification. – International Ural Conference on Electrical Power Engineering (UralCon), 2021, pp. 414–418, DOI:10.1109/UralCon 52005.2021.9559459.
11. Barcaro M., Meneghetti G., Bianchi N. Structural Analysis of the Interior PM Rotor Considering Both Static and Fatigue Loading. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2012, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342232.
12. Chaithongsuk S., Takorabet N., Rahouadj R. Design and Construction of IPM Synchronous Motorwith Magnetic and Mechanical Stress Analysis. – 19th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF), 2019, DOI:10.1109/ISEF45929.2019.9096897.
13. Chu G. et al. Analytical Calculation of Maximum Mechanical Stress on the Rotor of the Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 56, No. 2, pp.1321–1331, DOI:10.1109/TIA.2019.2960756.
14. Rao J. et al. Investigate the Influence of Magnetic Bridge Design on Mechanical Strength and Electromagnetic Characteristics in High Speed IPM Machines. – 17th Int. Conf. on Elec. Mach. and Syst. (ICEMS), 2014, pp. 22–27, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2014.7013444.
15. Lee T.-G., Kim D.-J., Hong J.-P. Performance Improvement by Making Holes of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. – ICEMS, 2009, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2009.5382877.
16. Cirani M., Eriksson S., Thunberg J. Innovative Design for Flux Leakage Reduction in IPM Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2014, vol. 50, No.3, pp.1847–1853, DOI:10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6350263.
17. Смирнов А.Ю. Особенности конструирования и анализа высокооборотных синхронных машин с постоянными магнитами на роторе. – Труды НГТУ им. Р.Е. Алексеева, 2013, № 3, с. 231–235.
18. Ледовский А.Н. Электрические машины с высококоэрцитивными постоянными магнитами. М.: Энергоатомиздат, 1985, 168 с.
#
1. Balagurov V.А. Proektirovanie spetsial'nyh elektricheskih mashin peremennogo toka (Design of Special AC Electric Machines). М.: Vysshaya shkola, 1982, 272 p.
2. Jang G.-H. et al. Design and Characteristic Analysis of a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering the Mechanical Structure for High-Speed and High-Head Centrifugal Pumps. – IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, vol. 54, No. 11, DOI:10.1109/TMAG.2018.2845874.
3. El-Refaie A.M., Osama M. High Specific Power Electrical Machines: A System Perspective. – 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2017, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2017.8055931.
4. Bespalov V.Ya., Kovarskiy M.E., Sidorov А.О. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2018, No. 5, pp. 45–51.
5. Gieras J.F., Wing M. High Power Density Brushless Motors in Permanent Magnet Motor Technology: Design and Applications, 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010, 364 p.
6. Bianchi N., Bolognani S., Luise F. Potentials and Limits of High-Speed PM Motors. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2004, vol.40, No. 6, pp. 1570–1578, DOI:10.1109/TIA.2004.836173.
7. Dietz D., Messager G., Binder A. 1kW/60,000 min−1 Bearing-less PM Motor with Combined Winding for Torque and Rotor Suspension. – IET Electric Power Applications, 2018, vol. 12, No. 8, pp.1065–1232, DOI:10.1049/iet-epa.2018.0013.
8. Jeong C.-L., Kim Y.-K., Hur J. Optimized Design of PMSM with Hybrid Type Permanent Magnet for Improving Performance and Reliability. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 4692–4701, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2019.2924614.
9. Zubkov Yu.V. Mechanical Strength of the Rotor with Internal Permanent Magnets. – International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems (ICOECS), 2021, DOI:10.1109/ICOECS 52783.2021.9657430.
10. Zubkov Yu.V., Vereshagin V.E. Designing of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Electric Machines with Rotor Strength Verification. – International Ural Conference on Electrical Power Engineering (UralCon), 2021, pp. 414–418, DOI:10.1109/UralCon52005.2021. 9559459.
11. Barcaro M., Meneghetti G., Bianchi N. Structural Analysis of the Interior PM Rotor Considering Both Static and Fatigue Loading. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2012, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342232.
12. Chaithongsuk S., Takorabet N., Rahouadj R. Design and Construction of IPM Synchronous Motorwith Magnetic and Mechanical Stress Analysis. – 19th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF), 2019, DOI:10.1109/ISEF45929.2019.9096897.
13. Chu G. et al. Analytical Calculation of Maximum Mechanical Stress on the Rotor of the Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 56, No. 2, pp.1321–1331, DOI:10.1109/TIA.2019.2960756.
14. Rao J. et al. Investigate the Influence of Magnetic Bridge Design on Mechanical Strength and Electromagnetic Characteristics in High Speed IPM Machines. – 17th Int. Conf. on Elec. Mach. and Syst. (ICEMS), 2014, pp. 22–27, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2014.7013444.
15. Lee T.-G., Kim D.-J., Hong J.-P. Performance Improvement by Making Holes of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. – ICEMS, 2009, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2009.5382877.
16. Cirani M., Eriksson S., Thunberg J. Innovative Design for Flux Leakage Reduction in IPM Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2014, vol. 50, No.3, pp.1847–1853, DOI:10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6350263.
17. Smirnov А.Yu. Trudy NGTU im. R.E. Alekseeva – in Russ. (Proceedings of the NSTU n.a. R.E. Alekseev), 2013, No. 3, pp. 231–235.
18. Ledovskiy А.N. Elektricheskie mashiny s vysokokoertsitivnymi postoyannymi magnitami (Electric Machines with High-Coercive Permanent Magnets). М.: Energoatomizdat, 1985, 168 p.
2. Jang G.-H. et al. Design and Characteristic Analysis of a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering the Mechanical Structure for High-Speed and High-Head Centrifugal Pumps. – IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, vol. 54, No. 11, DOI:10.1109/TMAG.2018.2845874.
3. El-Refaie A.M., Osama M. High Specific Power Electrical Machines: A System Perspective. – 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2017, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2017.8055931.
4. Беспалов В.Я., Коварский М.Е., Сидоров А.О. Исследование пульсаций электромагнитного момента синхронных машин с постоянными магнитами с целым и дробным значениями q. – Электричество, 2018, № 5, с. 45–51.
5. Gieras J.F., Wing M. High Power Density Brushless Motors in Permanent Magnet Motor Technology: Design and Applications, 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010, 364 p.
6. Bianchi N., Bolognani S., Luise F. Potentials and Limits of High-Speed PM Motors. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2004, vol.40, No. 6, pp. 1570–1578, DOI:10.1109/TIA.2004.836173.
7. Dietz D., Messager G., Binder A. 1kW/60,000 min−1 Bearingless PM Motor with Combined Winding for Torque and Rotor Suspension. – IET Electric Power Applications, 2018, vol. 12, No. 8, pp.1065–1232, DOI:10.1049/iet-epa.2018.0013.
8. Jeong C.-L., Kim Y.-K., Hur J. Optimized Design of PMSM with Hybrid Type Permanent Magnet for Improving Performance and Reliability. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 4692–4701, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2019.2924614.
9. Zubkov Yu.V. Mechanical Strength of the Rotor with Internal Permanent Magnets. – International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems (ICOECS), 2021, DOI:10.1109/ICOECS 52783.2021.9657430.
10. Zubkov Yu.V., Vereshagin V.E. Designing of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Electric Machines with Rotor Strength Verification. – International Ural Conference on Electrical Power Engineering (UralCon), 2021, pp. 414–418, DOI:10.1109/UralCon 52005.2021.9559459.
11. Barcaro M., Meneghetti G., Bianchi N. Structural Analysis of the Interior PM Rotor Considering Both Static and Fatigue Loading. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2012, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342232.
12. Chaithongsuk S., Takorabet N., Rahouadj R. Design and Construction of IPM Synchronous Motorwith Magnetic and Mechanical Stress Analysis. – 19th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF), 2019, DOI:10.1109/ISEF45929.2019.9096897.
13. Chu G. et al. Analytical Calculation of Maximum Mechanical Stress on the Rotor of the Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 56, No. 2, pp.1321–1331, DOI:10.1109/TIA.2019.2960756.
14. Rao J. et al. Investigate the Influence of Magnetic Bridge Design on Mechanical Strength and Electromagnetic Characteristics in High Speed IPM Machines. – 17th Int. Conf. on Elec. Mach. and Syst. (ICEMS), 2014, pp. 22–27, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2014.7013444.
15. Lee T.-G., Kim D.-J., Hong J.-P. Performance Improvement by Making Holes of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. – ICEMS, 2009, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2009.5382877.
16. Cirani M., Eriksson S., Thunberg J. Innovative Design for Flux Leakage Reduction in IPM Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2014, vol. 50, No.3, pp.1847–1853, DOI:10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6350263.
17. Смирнов А.Ю. Особенности конструирования и анализа высокооборотных синхронных машин с постоянными магнитами на роторе. – Труды НГТУ им. Р.Е. Алексеева, 2013, № 3, с. 231–235.
18. Ледовский А.Н. Электрические машины с высококоэрцитивными постоянными магнитами. М.: Энергоатомиздат, 1985, 168 с.
#
1. Balagurov V.А. Proektirovanie spetsial'nyh elektricheskih mashin peremennogo toka (Design of Special AC Electric Machines). М.: Vysshaya shkola, 1982, 272 p.
2. Jang G.-H. et al. Design and Characteristic Analysis of a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering the Mechanical Structure for High-Speed and High-Head Centrifugal Pumps. – IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, vol. 54, No. 11, DOI:10.1109/TMAG.2018.2845874.
3. El-Refaie A.M., Osama M. High Specific Power Electrical Machines: A System Perspective. – 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2017, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2017.8055931.
4. Bespalov V.Ya., Kovarskiy M.E., Sidorov А.О. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2018, No. 5, pp. 45–51.
5. Gieras J.F., Wing M. High Power Density Brushless Motors in Permanent Magnet Motor Technology: Design and Applications, 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010, 364 p.
6. Bianchi N., Bolognani S., Luise F. Potentials and Limits of High-Speed PM Motors. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2004, vol.40, No. 6, pp. 1570–1578, DOI:10.1109/TIA.2004.836173.
7. Dietz D., Messager G., Binder A. 1kW/60,000 min−1 Bearing-less PM Motor with Combined Winding for Torque and Rotor Suspension. – IET Electric Power Applications, 2018, vol. 12, No. 8, pp.1065–1232, DOI:10.1049/iet-epa.2018.0013.
8. Jeong C.-L., Kim Y.-K., Hur J. Optimized Design of PMSM with Hybrid Type Permanent Magnet for Improving Performance and Reliability. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 4692–4701, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2019.2924614.
9. Zubkov Yu.V. Mechanical Strength of the Rotor with Internal Permanent Magnets. – International Conference on Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems (ICOECS), 2021, DOI:10.1109/ICOECS 52783.2021.9657430.
10. Zubkov Yu.V., Vereshagin V.E. Designing of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Electric Machines with Rotor Strength Verification. – International Ural Conference on Electrical Power Engineering (UralCon), 2021, pp. 414–418, DOI:10.1109/UralCon52005.2021. 9559459.
11. Barcaro M., Meneghetti G., Bianchi N. Structural Analysis of the Interior PM Rotor Considering Both Static and Fatigue Loading. – IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2012, DOI: 10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342232.
12. Chaithongsuk S., Takorabet N., Rahouadj R. Design and Construction of IPM Synchronous Motorwith Magnetic and Mechanical Stress Analysis. – 19th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF), 2019, DOI:10.1109/ISEF45929.2019.9096897.
13. Chu G. et al. Analytical Calculation of Maximum Mechanical Stress on the Rotor of the Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2020, vol. 56, No. 2, pp.1321–1331, DOI:10.1109/TIA.2019.2960756.
14. Rao J. et al. Investigate the Influence of Magnetic Bridge Design on Mechanical Strength and Electromagnetic Characteristics in High Speed IPM Machines. – 17th Int. Conf. on Elec. Mach. and Syst. (ICEMS), 2014, pp. 22–27, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2014.7013444.
15. Lee T.-G., Kim D.-J., Hong J.-P. Performance Improvement by Making Holes of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. – ICEMS, 2009, DOI:10.1109/ICEMS.2009.5382877.
16. Cirani M., Eriksson S., Thunberg J. Innovative Design for Flux Leakage Reduction in IPM Machines. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2014, vol. 50, No.3, pp.1847–1853, DOI:10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6350263.
17. Smirnov А.Yu. Trudy NGTU im. R.E. Alekseeva – in Russ. (Proceedings of the NSTU n.a. R.E. Alekseev), 2013, No. 3, pp. 231–235.
18. Ledovskiy А.N. Elektricheskie mashiny s vysokokoertsitivnymi postoyannymi magnitami (Electric Machines with High-Coercive Permanent Magnets). М.: Energoatomizdat, 1985, 168 p.
