Оптимизация полностью ВТСП синхронного генератора и расчет потерь в его обмотках
Ключевые слова:
ВТСП синхронный генератор, оптимизация, потери на переменном токе
Аннотация
В настоящее время активно разрабатываются авиационные энергетические системы нового поколения, сочетающие высокую удельную мощность, высокий коэффициент полезного действия и минимальные выбросы углекислого газа. Это особенно актуально в условиях ужесточения экологических стандартов и требований к энергоэффективности в авиационной отрасли. Одним из перспективных направлений в этой области является использование технологий высокотемпературной сверхпроводимости (ВТСП), позволяющие существенно улучшить характеристики электрических машин. В статье рассматриваются два полностью ВТСП-генератора мощностью по 10 МВт, предназначенные для эксплуатации на борту летательных аппаратов. Оба генератора работают при криогенной температуре 20 K, но имеют различные конструктивные ограничения. Для каждого генератора проведена оптимизация электромагнитных характеристик с применением метода конечных элементов, а также рассчитаны потери в ВТСП-обмотках, работающих на переменном токе. Результаты исследования позволяют оценить влияние конструктивных решений на эффективность генераторов, что способствует созданию высокоэффективных авиационных энергетических систем нового поколения с использованием ВТСП-технологий и отвечающих современным требованиям авиационной отрасли с точки зрения эффективности и снижения негативного воздействия на окружающую среду.
Литература
1. Ковалев К.Л. и др. ВТСП электрические машины: актуальные проекты и перспективные области применения. – Электричество, 2023, № 8, c. 4–12.
2. Chow C.T., Ainslieb M.D., Chaua K.T. High Temperature Superconducting Rotating Electrical Machines: An Overview. – Energy Reports, 2023, 9(8), pp. 1124–1156, DOI:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.173.
3. Liu D. et al. Preliminary Assessment of New Armature Winding Concepts for High-Speed Superconducting Motors. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 34(3), DOI 10.1109/TASC.2024.3371960.
4. Alvarez P. et al. Design of Helical Winding for Slotless Partially Superconducting Electric Machines for Aircraft Propulsion. – IEEE Access, 2024, 12, pp. 54182–54190, DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3386956.
5. Haran K.S. et al. High Power Density Superconducting Rotating Machines – Development Status and Technology Roadmap. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2017, 30(12), DOI:10.1088/1361-6668/aa833e.
6. Журавлев С.В. и др. Расчет магнитного поля в активной зоне электрической машины с кольцевой сверхпроводниковой обмоткой якоря при наличии внешнего экрана. – Электричество, 2019, № 9, с. 41–49.
7. Dezhin D., Ilyasov R. Development of Fully Superconducting 5 MW Aviation Generator with Liquid Hydrogen Cooling. – EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, 2022, No.1, DOI 10.21303/2461-4262.2022.001771.
8. Zhou X. et al. Conceptual Design, AC Loss Calculation, and Optimization of an Airborne Fully High Temperature Superconducting Generator. – Physica C-Superconductivity and Its Applications, 2023, 605(5), DOI:10.1016/j.physc.2022.1354207.
9. Xue S. et al. Stator Optimization of Wind Power Generators with High-Temperature Superconducting Armature Windings and Permanent Magnet Rotor. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2020, 31(2), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2020.3037057.
10. Li J. et al. Structure Optimization of a Superconducting Linear Generator with YBCO Tape Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, 31(5), pp. 10–13, DOI 10.1109/TASC.2021.3058077.
11. Colle A. et al. Load Test and Efficiency Map Measurement of 50 kW Class Induction/Synchronous Superconducting Machine (HTS-ISM). – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, 31(4), DOI 10.1109/TASC.2021.3074320.
12. Зубко В.В., Занегин С.Ю., Иванов Н.С. Анализ потерь в обмотках и стопках из ВТСП-лент второго поколения. – Электричество, 2020, № 5, с. 54–60.
13. Zanegin S.Y. et al. Experimental and Numerical Study of AC Losses in HTS Coils of AC Electric Machines. – Russian Electrical Engineering, 2022, 93(6), pp. 424–429, DOI:10.3103/S1068371222060104.
14. Dependence of the SuperOx HTS Tape on the Magnetic Field [Электрон. ресурс]. URL:https://htsdb.wimbush.eu/ (дата обращения 12.07.2024).
15. Norris W.T. Calculation of Hysteresis Losses in Hard Superconductors Carrying AC: Isolated Conductors and Edges of Thin Sheet. – Journal of Physics D, 1970, 3(4), pp. 489–507, DOI:10.1088/0022-3727/3/4/308.
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Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России, номер темы FSFF-2023-0005
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1. Kovalev K.L. et al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2023, No. 8, pp. 4–12.
2. Chow C.T., Ainslieb M.D., Chaua K.T. High Temperature Superconducting Rotating Electrical Machines: An Overview. – Energy Reports, 2023, 9(8), pp. 1124–1156, DOI:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.173.
3. Liu D. et al. Preliminary Assessment of New Armature Win-ding Concepts for High-Speed Superconducting Motors. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 34(3), DOI 10.1109/TASC.2024.3371960.
4. Alvarez P. et al. Design of Helical Winding for Slotless Partially Superconducting Electric Machines for Aircraft Propulsion. – IEEE Access, 2024, 12, pp. 54182–54190, DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3386956.
5. Haran K.S. et al. High Power Density Superconducting Rotating Machines – Development Status and Technology Roadmap. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2017, 30(12), DOI:10.1088/ 1361-6668/aa833e.
6. Zhuravlev S.V. et al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2019, No. 9, pp. 41–49.
7. Dezhin D., Ilyasov R. Development of Fully Superconducting 5 MW Aviation Generator with Liquid Hydrogen Cooling. – EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, 2022, No.1, DOI 10.21303/2461-4262.2022.001771.
8. Zhou X. et al. Conceptual Design, AC Loss Calculation, and Optimization of an Airborne Fully High Temperature Superconducting Generator. – Physica C-Superconductivity and Its Applications, 2023, 605(5), DOI:10.1016/j.physc.2022.1354207.
9. Xue S. et al. Stator Optimization of Wind Power Generators with High-Temperature Superconducting Armature Windings and Permanent Magnet Rotor. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2020, 31(2), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2020.3037057.
10. Li J. et al. Structure Optimization of a Superconducting Linear Generator with YBCO Tape Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, 31(5), pp. 10–13, DOI 10.1109/TASC.2021.3058077.
11. Colle A. et al. Load Test and Efficiency Map Measurement of 50 kW Class Induction/Synchronous Superconducting Machine (HTS-ISM). – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, 31(4), DOI 10.1109/TASC.2021.3074320.
12. Zubko V.V., Zanegin S.Yu., Ivanov N.S. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2020, No. 5, pp. 54–60.
13. Zanegin S.Y. et al. Experimental and Numerical Study of AC Losses in HTS Coils of AC Electric Machines. – Russian Electrical Engineering, 2022, 93(6), pp. 424–429, DOI:10.3103/S1068371222060104.
14. Dependence of the SuperOx HTS Tape on the Magnetic Field [Electron. resource]. URL:https://htsdb.wimbush.eu/ (Date of appeal 12.07.2024).
15. Norris W.T. Calculation of Hysteresis Losses in Hard Superconductors Carrying AC: Isolated Conductors and Edges of Thin Sheet. – Journal of Physics D, 1970, 3(4), pp. 489–507, DOI:10.1088/0022-3727/3/4/308
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This work was carried out under a state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, project no. FSFF-2023-0005
2. Chow C.T., Ainslieb M.D., Chaua K.T. High Temperature Superconducting Rotating Electrical Machines: An Overview. – Energy Reports, 2023, 9(8), pp. 1124–1156, DOI:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.173.
3. Liu D. et al. Preliminary Assessment of New Armature Winding Concepts for High-Speed Superconducting Motors. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 34(3), DOI 10.1109/TASC.2024.3371960.
4. Alvarez P. et al. Design of Helical Winding for Slotless Partially Superconducting Electric Machines for Aircraft Propulsion. – IEEE Access, 2024, 12, pp. 54182–54190, DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3386956.
5. Haran K.S. et al. High Power Density Superconducting Rotating Machines – Development Status and Technology Roadmap. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2017, 30(12), DOI:10.1088/1361-6668/aa833e.
6. Журавлев С.В. и др. Расчет магнитного поля в активной зоне электрической машины с кольцевой сверхпроводниковой обмоткой якоря при наличии внешнего экрана. – Электричество, 2019, № 9, с. 41–49.
7. Dezhin D., Ilyasov R. Development of Fully Superconducting 5 MW Aviation Generator with Liquid Hydrogen Cooling. – EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, 2022, No.1, DOI 10.21303/2461-4262.2022.001771.
8. Zhou X. et al. Conceptual Design, AC Loss Calculation, and Optimization of an Airborne Fully High Temperature Superconducting Generator. – Physica C-Superconductivity and Its Applications, 2023, 605(5), DOI:10.1016/j.physc.2022.1354207.
9. Xue S. et al. Stator Optimization of Wind Power Generators with High-Temperature Superconducting Armature Windings and Permanent Magnet Rotor. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2020, 31(2), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2020.3037057.
10. Li J. et al. Structure Optimization of a Superconducting Linear Generator with YBCO Tape Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, 31(5), pp. 10–13, DOI 10.1109/TASC.2021.3058077.
11. Colle A. et al. Load Test and Efficiency Map Measurement of 50 kW Class Induction/Synchronous Superconducting Machine (HTS-ISM). – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, 31(4), DOI 10.1109/TASC.2021.3074320.
12. Зубко В.В., Занегин С.Ю., Иванов Н.С. Анализ потерь в обмотках и стопках из ВТСП-лент второго поколения. – Электричество, 2020, № 5, с. 54–60.
13. Zanegin S.Y. et al. Experimental and Numerical Study of AC Losses in HTS Coils of AC Electric Machines. – Russian Electrical Engineering, 2022, 93(6), pp. 424–429, DOI:10.3103/S1068371222060104.
14. Dependence of the SuperOx HTS Tape on the Magnetic Field [Электрон. ресурс]. URL:https://htsdb.wimbush.eu/ (дата обращения 12.07.2024).
15. Norris W.T. Calculation of Hysteresis Losses in Hard Superconductors Carrying AC: Isolated Conductors and Edges of Thin Sheet. – Journal of Physics D, 1970, 3(4), pp. 489–507, DOI:10.1088/0022-3727/3/4/308.
---
Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России, номер темы FSFF-2023-0005
#
1. Kovalev K.L. et al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2023, No. 8, pp. 4–12.
2. Chow C.T., Ainslieb M.D., Chaua K.T. High Temperature Superconducting Rotating Electrical Machines: An Overview. – Energy Reports, 2023, 9(8), pp. 1124–1156, DOI:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.173.
3. Liu D. et al. Preliminary Assessment of New Armature Win-ding Concepts for High-Speed Superconducting Motors. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 34(3), DOI 10.1109/TASC.2024.3371960.
4. Alvarez P. et al. Design of Helical Winding for Slotless Partially Superconducting Electric Machines for Aircraft Propulsion. – IEEE Access, 2024, 12, pp. 54182–54190, DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3386956.
5. Haran K.S. et al. High Power Density Superconducting Rotating Machines – Development Status and Technology Roadmap. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2017, 30(12), DOI:10.1088/ 1361-6668/aa833e.
6. Zhuravlev S.V. et al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2019, No. 9, pp. 41–49.
7. Dezhin D., Ilyasov R. Development of Fully Superconducting 5 MW Aviation Generator with Liquid Hydrogen Cooling. – EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, 2022, No.1, DOI 10.21303/2461-4262.2022.001771.
8. Zhou X. et al. Conceptual Design, AC Loss Calculation, and Optimization of an Airborne Fully High Temperature Superconducting Generator. – Physica C-Superconductivity and Its Applications, 2023, 605(5), DOI:10.1016/j.physc.2022.1354207.
9. Xue S. et al. Stator Optimization of Wind Power Generators with High-Temperature Superconducting Armature Windings and Permanent Magnet Rotor. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2020, 31(2), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2020.3037057.
10. Li J. et al. Structure Optimization of a Superconducting Linear Generator with YBCO Tape Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, 31(5), pp. 10–13, DOI 10.1109/TASC.2021.3058077.
11. Colle A. et al. Load Test and Efficiency Map Measurement of 50 kW Class Induction/Synchronous Superconducting Machine (HTS-ISM). – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, 31(4), DOI 10.1109/TASC.2021.3074320.
12. Zubko V.V., Zanegin S.Yu., Ivanov N.S. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2020, No. 5, pp. 54–60.
13. Zanegin S.Y. et al. Experimental and Numerical Study of AC Losses in HTS Coils of AC Electric Machines. – Russian Electrical Engineering, 2022, 93(6), pp. 424–429, DOI:10.3103/S1068371222060104.
14. Dependence of the SuperOx HTS Tape on the Magnetic Field [Electron. resource]. URL:https://htsdb.wimbush.eu/ (Date of appeal 12.07.2024).
15. Norris W.T. Calculation of Hysteresis Losses in Hard Superconductors Carrying AC: Isolated Conductors and Edges of Thin Sheet. – Journal of Physics D, 1970, 3(4), pp. 489–507, DOI:10.1088/0022-3727/3/4/308
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This work was carried out under a state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, project no. FSFF-2023-0005
