Balancing the Normal Mode in Four-Wire Three-Phase Extra-High Voltage Lines
Abstract
Conventional single-circuit extra-high voltage AC power lines, widely used all over the world, feature an essential drawback: in the case of sustained single-phase faults, which are most likely to occur on such line, the latter is disconnected completely. The article considers a four-wire three-phase line, one phase of which is implemented as two half-phases. In emergency operation modes, any of the half-phases is used as a backup phase, and in the middle part of the other phases, series compensation devices are connected for balancing the operation mode and increasing the transmission capacity. The four-wire three-phase line features increased reliability owing to the fact that in the post-emergency it can shifted to operate with the possibility to transfer at least 50% of the initial maximum power in case of sustained faults. Series compensation devices that eliminate series imbalance can be installed not only in the middle part of the line, but also at its ends. Controlled shunt reactors, which reduce transverse imbalance, are placed at the ends of the semi-phases. The task of balancing the normal mode is to determine the parameters of the balancing devices, i.e., series compensation devices and controlled shunt reactors, depending on the length of the four-wire three-phase line and its design features. An algorithm has been developed, using which one can find the parameters of balancing devices that will keep the imbalance degree within acceptable limits. In application to a four-wire three-phase 500 kV line of a given design, simple relations are proposed for calculating the parameters of the balancing elements depending on the line length.
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