Electrothermal Transients in a Network Containing a High-Temperature Superconducting Transformer with a Current Limiting Function
Keywords:
HTS transformer, high-temperature superconductivity, short-circuit current limitation, energy efficiency, liquid nitrogen
Abstract
The results of a study of thermal and electromagnetic transients in an electric power system containing a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transformer with a current limiting function are presented. For carrying out the research work, an experimental HTS transformer sample with windings made of Y1Bа2Cu3O7 superconductor and with liquid nitrogen at an operating temperature of 77 K serving as dielectric medium was developed. It has been demonstrated, taking the experimental sample as an example, that transformers with HTS windings can be used to limit short-circuit currents in electrical systems. By using the developed mathematical model of a three-phase single-machine network containing an HTS transformer, it became possible to perform an in-depth analysis of electromagnetic transients in the current limiting mode and to study the thermal and electrodynamic effects produced by the short-circuit current in varying the short-circuit fault kind (single-phase, two-phase and three-phase short-circuit faults) and the type of connected load (active, active-inductive, and active-capacitive) on the current limiting degree. It has been determined that significant heat flows arise at the current limitation moment, which also should be limited. A positive effect of HTS transformers on the electric power system operating modes is shown. The obtained results of theoretical and experimental studies of HTS transformers prove a high efficiency of their current limiting function.
References
1. Hellmann S., et al. Manufacturing of a 1-MVA-Class Super-conducting Fault Current Limiting Transformer With Recovery-Under-Load Capabilities. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1–6, DOI:10.1109/TASC.2017.2652493.
2. Elsherif M.A. The Application of Superconducting Technologies in Future Electrical Power Systems: Durham E-Theses. Durham University, 2013, 193 p.
3. Hekmati A., et al. HTS Transformer Windings Design Using Distributive Ratios for Minimization of Short Circuit Forces. – J Superconductivity Novel Magnetism, 2019, vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 151–158.
4. Vysotsky V.S., et al. Development and Test Results of HTS Windings for Superconducting Transformer with 1 MVA Rated Power. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1–5.
5. Dai S., et al. Development of a 1250 kVA Superconducting Transformer and Its Demonstration at the Superconducting Substation. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1–7.
6. Hu D., et al. Development of a Single-Phase 330kVA HTS Transformer Using GdBCO Tapes. – Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, 2017, vol. 539, DOI:10.1016/j.physc.2017.06.002.
7. Манусов В.З., Крюков Д.О. Обзор конструкций трансформаторов со сверхпроводящими обмотками. – Электричество, 2019, № 8, с. 4–6.
8. Komarzyniec G. 14 kVA Superconducting Transformer with REBCO Windings. – 2017 International Conference on Electromagnetic Devices and Processes in Environment Protection with Seminar Applications of Superconductors, 2017, DOI:10.1109/ELMECO.2017.8267753.
9. Berger A., et al. Test Results of 60 kVA Current Limiting Transformer with Full Recovery under Load. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1384–1387.
10. Xu M., et al. Generalized Critical-State Model for Hard Superconductors. – Phys. Rev. B., 1990, vol.42, No. 16, pp. 10773–10776.
11. Algarni R., et al. Enhanced Critical Current Density and Flux Pinning Traits with Dy2O3 Nanoparticles Added to YBa2Cu3O7-d Superconductor. – Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, vol. 852, p. 157019.
12. Song W., et al. AC Loss Simulation in a HTS 3-Phase 1 MVA Transformer Using H Formulation. – Cryogenics, 2018, vol. 94, pp. 14–21.
13. Ghabeli A., et al. Optimization of Distributive Ratios of Apportioned Winding Configuration in HTS Power Transformers for Hysteresis Loss and Leakage Flux Reduction. – Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2015, vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 3463–3479.
14. Zubko V.V., Fetisov S.S. and Vysotsky V.S. Hysteresis Losses Analysis in 2G HTS Cables. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 1–5.
15. Shen B., et al. Review of the AC Loss Computation for HTS Using H Formulation. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2020, vol. 33, No. 3, p. 033002.
16. Berger A., et al. Comparison of the Efficiency of Superconducting and Conventional Transformers. – Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2010, vol. 234, p. 032004.
17. Janowski T., et al. Superconducting Devices for Power Engineering. – Proceedings of the XVII National Conference on Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 130, No. 2, pp. 537–544.
18. Manusov V.Z., Semenov A.V., Kriukov D.O. Computational and Experimental Study of Air-Core HTS Transformer Electrothermal Behavior at Current Limiting Mode. – International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2021, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 155–162.
19. Ivanov D.M., Manusov V.Z, and Semenov A.V. Experimental Studies of a High-Temperature Superconducting Prototype Transformer with Current Limiting Function. – 2020 International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE): proc. Moscow, Russia, 2020, pp. 97–102.
20. Lei W., et al. Film Boiling Heat Transfer Prediction of Liquid Nitrogen from Different Geometry Heaters. – International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2020, vol. 129, p. 103294.
21. Zhou J., Chan W., Schwartz J. Quench Detection Criteria for YBa2Cu3O7-δ Coils Monitored via a Distributed Temperature Sensor for 77 K Cases. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 5, p. 4703012.
22. Павленко А.Н., Суртаев А.С., Мацех А.М. Переходные процессы в стекающих пленках жидкости при нестационарном тепловыделении. – Теплофизика высоких температур, 2007, Т. 45, № 6, c. 905–916.
23. Manusov V.Z., Ivanov D.M., Nazarov M.K. Analyses of Electrical Parameters of Power Transformers with Superconducting Windings. – 20th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, 2019, pp. 547–551.
24. Moradnouri A., et al. Survey on High-Temperature Superconducting Transformer Windings Design. – Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2020, vol. 33, No. 9, pp. 2581–2599.
25. Ковалев Л. К. и др. Зарубежные и русские разработки в области создания сверхпроводниковых электрических машин и устройств. – Известия РАН. Энергетика, 2012, № 6, с. 3–26.
26. Coombs T., et al. High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Transformer-Rectifier Flux Pump for Powering No-Insulation Superconducting Magnet with Low Characteristic Resistance. – Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, 2019, vol. 560, pp. 1–6.
27. Kondratowicz-Kucewicz B., Wojtasiewicz G. The Proposal of a Transformer Model With Winding Made of Parallel 2G HTS Tapes With Transpositioners and its Contact Cooling System. – IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 4., p. 5500405.
28. Wojtasiewicz G. Fault Current Limitation by 2G HTS Superconducting Transformer-Experimental Investigation. – Acta Physica Polonica A, 2016, vol. 130, No. 2, pp. 516–520.
---
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке в рамках реализации программы развития НГТУ, научный проект № С21-24.
#
1. Hellmann S., et al. Manufacturing of a 1-MVA-Class Super-conducting Fault Current Limiting Transformer With Recovery-Under-Load Capabilities. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1–6, DOI:10.1109/TASC.2017.2652493.
2. Elsherif M.A. The Application of Superconducting Technologies in Future Electrical Power Systems: Durham E-Theses. Durham University, 2013, 193 p.
3. Hekmati A., et al. HTS Transformer Windings Design Using Distributive Ratios for Minimization of Short Circuit Forces. – J Superconductivity Novel Magnetism, 2019, vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 151–158.
4. Vysotsky V.S., et al. Development and Test Results of HTS Windings for Superconducting Transformer with 1 MVA Rated Power. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1–5.
5. Dai S., et al. Development of a 1250 kVA Superconducting Transformer and Its Demonstration at the Superconducting Substation. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1–7.
6. Hu D., et al. Development of a Single-Phase 330kVA HTS Transformer Using GdBCO Tapes. – Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, 2017, vol. 539, DOI:10.1016/j.physc.2017.06.002.
7. Manusov V.Z., Kriukov D.O. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2019, No. 8, pp. 4–6.
8. Komarzyniec G. 14 kVA Superconducting Transformer with REBCO Windings. – 2017 International Conference on Electromagnetic Devices and Processes in Environment Protection with Seminar Applications of Superconductors, 2017, DOI:10.1109/ELMECO.2017.8267753.
9. Berger A., et al. Test Results of 60 kVA Current Limiting Transformer with Full Recovery under Load. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1384–1387.
10. Xu M., et al. Generalized Critical-State Model for Hard Superconductors. – Phys. Rev. B., 1990, vol.42, No. 16, pp. 10773–10776.
11. Algarni R., et al. Enhanced Critical Current Density and Flux Pinning Traits with Dy2O3 Nanoparticles Added to YBa2Cu3O7-d Superconductor. – Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, vol. 852, p. 157019.
12. Song W., et al. AC Loss Simulation in a HTS 3-PHASE 1 MVA Transformer Using H Formulation. – Cryogenics, 2018, vol. 94, pp. 14–21.
13. Ghabeli A., et al. Optimization of Distributive Ratios of Apportio-ned Winding Configuration in HTS Power Transformers for Hysteresis Loss and Leakage Flux Reduction. – Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2015, vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 3463–3479.
14. Zubko V.V., Fetisov S.S., Vysotsky V.S. Hysteresis Losses Analysis in 2G HTS Cables. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 1–5.
15. Shen B., et al. Review of the AC Loss Computation for HTS Using H Formulation. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2020, vol. 33, No. 3, p. 033002.
16. Berger A., et al. Comparison of the Efficiency of Superconducting and Conventional Transformers. – Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2010, vol. 234, p.032004.
17. Janowski T., et al. Superconducting Devices for Power Engineering. – Proceedings of the XVII National Conference on Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 130, No. 2, pp. 537–544.
18. Manusov V.Z., Semenov A.V., Kriukov D.O. Computational and Experimental Study of Air-Core HTS Transformer Electrothermal Behavior at Current Limiting Mode. – International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2021, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 155–162.
19. Ivanov D.M., Manusov V.Z., Semenov A.V. Experimental Studies of a High-temperature Superconducting Prototype Transformer with Current Limiting Function. – 2020 International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE): proc. Moscow, Russia, 2020, pp. 97–102.
20. Lei W., et al. Film Boiling Heat Transfer Prediction of Liquid Nitrogen From Different Geometry Heaters. – International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2020, vol. 129, p.103294.
21. Zhou J., Chan W., Schwartz J. Quench Detection Criteria for YBa2Cu3O7-δ Coils Monitored via a Distributed Temperature Sensor for 77 K Cases. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 5, p.4703012.
22. Pavlenko A.N., Surtaev A.S., Matsekh A.M. Teplofizika vysokikh temperatur – in Russ. (Thermophysics of High Temperatures), 2007, vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 905–916.
23. Manusov V.Z., Ivanov D.M., Nazarov M.K. Analyses of Electrical Parameters of Power Transformers with Superconducting Windings. – 20th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, 2019, pp. 547–551.
24. Moradnouri A., et al. Survey on High-Temperature Superconducting Transformer Windings Design. – Journal of Supercon-ductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2020, vol. 33, No. 9, pp. 2581–2599.
25. Kovalev L.K., et al. Izvestiya RAN. Energetika – in Russ. (Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences), 2012, No. 6, pp. 3–26.
26. Coombs T., et al. High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Transformer-Rectifier Flux Pump for Powering No-Insulation Superconducting Magnet with Low Characteristic Resistance. – Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, 2019, vol. 560, pp. 1–6.
27. Kondratowicz-Kucewicz B. and Wojtasiewicz G. The Proposal of a Transformer Model With Winding Made of Parallel 2G HTS Tapes With Transpositioners and its Contact Cooling System. – IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 4., p. 5500405.
28. Wojtasiewicz G. Fault Current Limitation by 2G HTS Superconducting Transformer-Experimental Investigation. – Acta Physica Polonica A, 2016, vol. 130, No. 2, pp. 516–520.
---
The research was carried out with financial support as part of the implementation of the NSTU development program, Scientific Project No. С21-24.
2. Elsherif M.A. The Application of Superconducting Technologies in Future Electrical Power Systems: Durham E-Theses. Durham University, 2013, 193 p.
3. Hekmati A., et al. HTS Transformer Windings Design Using Distributive Ratios for Minimization of Short Circuit Forces. – J Superconductivity Novel Magnetism, 2019, vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 151–158.
4. Vysotsky V.S., et al. Development and Test Results of HTS Windings for Superconducting Transformer with 1 MVA Rated Power. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1–5.
5. Dai S., et al. Development of a 1250 kVA Superconducting Transformer and Its Demonstration at the Superconducting Substation. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1–7.
6. Hu D., et al. Development of a Single-Phase 330kVA HTS Transformer Using GdBCO Tapes. – Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, 2017, vol. 539, DOI:10.1016/j.physc.2017.06.002.
7. Манусов В.З., Крюков Д.О. Обзор конструкций трансформаторов со сверхпроводящими обмотками. – Электричество, 2019, № 8, с. 4–6.
8. Komarzyniec G. 14 kVA Superconducting Transformer with REBCO Windings. – 2017 International Conference on Electromagnetic Devices and Processes in Environment Protection with Seminar Applications of Superconductors, 2017, DOI:10.1109/ELMECO.2017.8267753.
9. Berger A., et al. Test Results of 60 kVA Current Limiting Transformer with Full Recovery under Load. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1384–1387.
10. Xu M., et al. Generalized Critical-State Model for Hard Superconductors. – Phys. Rev. B., 1990, vol.42, No. 16, pp. 10773–10776.
11. Algarni R., et al. Enhanced Critical Current Density and Flux Pinning Traits with Dy2O3 Nanoparticles Added to YBa2Cu3O7-d Superconductor. – Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, vol. 852, p. 157019.
12. Song W., et al. AC Loss Simulation in a HTS 3-Phase 1 MVA Transformer Using H Formulation. – Cryogenics, 2018, vol. 94, pp. 14–21.
13. Ghabeli A., et al. Optimization of Distributive Ratios of Apportioned Winding Configuration in HTS Power Transformers for Hysteresis Loss and Leakage Flux Reduction. – Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2015, vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 3463–3479.
14. Zubko V.V., Fetisov S.S. and Vysotsky V.S. Hysteresis Losses Analysis in 2G HTS Cables. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 1–5.
15. Shen B., et al. Review of the AC Loss Computation for HTS Using H Formulation. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2020, vol. 33, No. 3, p. 033002.
16. Berger A., et al. Comparison of the Efficiency of Superconducting and Conventional Transformers. – Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2010, vol. 234, p. 032004.
17. Janowski T., et al. Superconducting Devices for Power Engineering. – Proceedings of the XVII National Conference on Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 130, No. 2, pp. 537–544.
18. Manusov V.Z., Semenov A.V., Kriukov D.O. Computational and Experimental Study of Air-Core HTS Transformer Electrothermal Behavior at Current Limiting Mode. – International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2021, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 155–162.
19. Ivanov D.M., Manusov V.Z, and Semenov A.V. Experimental Studies of a High-Temperature Superconducting Prototype Transformer with Current Limiting Function. – 2020 International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE): proc. Moscow, Russia, 2020, pp. 97–102.
20. Lei W., et al. Film Boiling Heat Transfer Prediction of Liquid Nitrogen from Different Geometry Heaters. – International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2020, vol. 129, p. 103294.
21. Zhou J., Chan W., Schwartz J. Quench Detection Criteria for YBa2Cu3O7-δ Coils Monitored via a Distributed Temperature Sensor for 77 K Cases. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 5, p. 4703012.
22. Павленко А.Н., Суртаев А.С., Мацех А.М. Переходные процессы в стекающих пленках жидкости при нестационарном тепловыделении. – Теплофизика высоких температур, 2007, Т. 45, № 6, c. 905–916.
23. Manusov V.Z., Ivanov D.M., Nazarov M.K. Analyses of Electrical Parameters of Power Transformers with Superconducting Windings. – 20th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, 2019, pp. 547–551.
24. Moradnouri A., et al. Survey on High-Temperature Superconducting Transformer Windings Design. – Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2020, vol. 33, No. 9, pp. 2581–2599.
25. Ковалев Л. К. и др. Зарубежные и русские разработки в области создания сверхпроводниковых электрических машин и устройств. – Известия РАН. Энергетика, 2012, № 6, с. 3–26.
26. Coombs T., et al. High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Transformer-Rectifier Flux Pump for Powering No-Insulation Superconducting Magnet with Low Characteristic Resistance. – Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, 2019, vol. 560, pp. 1–6.
27. Kondratowicz-Kucewicz B., Wojtasiewicz G. The Proposal of a Transformer Model With Winding Made of Parallel 2G HTS Tapes With Transpositioners and its Contact Cooling System. – IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 4., p. 5500405.
28. Wojtasiewicz G. Fault Current Limitation by 2G HTS Superconducting Transformer-Experimental Investigation. – Acta Physica Polonica A, 2016, vol. 130, No. 2, pp. 516–520.
---
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке в рамках реализации программы развития НГТУ, научный проект № С21-24.
#
1. Hellmann S., et al. Manufacturing of a 1-MVA-Class Super-conducting Fault Current Limiting Transformer With Recovery-Under-Load Capabilities. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1–6, DOI:10.1109/TASC.2017.2652493.
2. Elsherif M.A. The Application of Superconducting Technologies in Future Electrical Power Systems: Durham E-Theses. Durham University, 2013, 193 p.
3. Hekmati A., et al. HTS Transformer Windings Design Using Distributive Ratios for Minimization of Short Circuit Forces. – J Superconductivity Novel Magnetism, 2019, vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 151–158.
4. Vysotsky V.S., et al. Development and Test Results of HTS Windings for Superconducting Transformer with 1 MVA Rated Power. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1–5.
5. Dai S., et al. Development of a 1250 kVA Superconducting Transformer and Its Demonstration at the Superconducting Substation. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017, vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1–7.
6. Hu D., et al. Development of a Single-Phase 330kVA HTS Transformer Using GdBCO Tapes. – Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, 2017, vol. 539, DOI:10.1016/j.physc.2017.06.002.
7. Manusov V.Z., Kriukov D.O. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2019, No. 8, pp. 4–6.
8. Komarzyniec G. 14 kVA Superconducting Transformer with REBCO Windings. – 2017 International Conference on Electromagnetic Devices and Processes in Environment Protection with Seminar Applications of Superconductors, 2017, DOI:10.1109/ELMECO.2017.8267753.
9. Berger A., et al. Test Results of 60 kVA Current Limiting Transformer with Full Recovery under Load. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2011, vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1384–1387.
10. Xu M., et al. Generalized Critical-State Model for Hard Superconductors. – Phys. Rev. B., 1990, vol.42, No. 16, pp. 10773–10776.
11. Algarni R., et al. Enhanced Critical Current Density and Flux Pinning Traits with Dy2O3 Nanoparticles Added to YBa2Cu3O7-d Superconductor. – Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, vol. 852, p. 157019.
12. Song W., et al. AC Loss Simulation in a HTS 3-PHASE 1 MVA Transformer Using H Formulation. – Cryogenics, 2018, vol. 94, pp. 14–21.
13. Ghabeli A., et al. Optimization of Distributive Ratios of Apportio-ned Winding Configuration in HTS Power Transformers for Hysteresis Loss and Leakage Flux Reduction. – Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2015, vol. 28, No. 12, pp. 3463–3479.
14. Zubko V.V., Fetisov S.S., Vysotsky V.S. Hysteresis Losses Analysis in 2G HTS Cables. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 1–5.
15. Shen B., et al. Review of the AC Loss Computation for HTS Using H Formulation. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2020, vol. 33, No. 3, p. 033002.
16. Berger A., et al. Comparison of the Efficiency of Superconducting and Conventional Transformers. – Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2010, vol. 234, p.032004.
17. Janowski T., et al. Superconducting Devices for Power Engineering. – Proceedings of the XVII National Conference on Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 130, No. 2, pp. 537–544.
18. Manusov V.Z., Semenov A.V., Kriukov D.O. Computational and Experimental Study of Air-Core HTS Transformer Electrothermal Behavior at Current Limiting Mode. – International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2021, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 155–162.
19. Ivanov D.M., Manusov V.Z., Semenov A.V. Experimental Studies of a High-temperature Superconducting Prototype Transformer with Current Limiting Function. – 2020 International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE): proc. Moscow, Russia, 2020, pp. 97–102.
20. Lei W., et al. Film Boiling Heat Transfer Prediction of Liquid Nitrogen From Different Geometry Heaters. – International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2020, vol. 129, p.103294.
21. Zhou J., Chan W., Schwartz J. Quench Detection Criteria for YBa2Cu3O7-δ Coils Monitored via a Distributed Temperature Sensor for 77 K Cases. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 5, p.4703012.
22. Pavlenko A.N., Surtaev A.S., Matsekh A.M. Teplofizika vysokikh temperatur – in Russ. (Thermophysics of High Temperatures), 2007, vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 905–916.
23. Manusov V.Z., Ivanov D.M., Nazarov M.K. Analyses of Electrical Parameters of Power Transformers with Superconducting Windings. – 20th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, 2019, pp. 547–551.
24. Moradnouri A., et al. Survey on High-Temperature Superconducting Transformer Windings Design. – Journal of Supercon-ductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2020, vol. 33, No. 9, pp. 2581–2599.
25. Kovalev L.K., et al. Izvestiya RAN. Energetika – in Russ. (Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences), 2012, No. 6, pp. 3–26.
26. Coombs T., et al. High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Transformer-Rectifier Flux Pump for Powering No-Insulation Superconducting Magnet with Low Characteristic Resistance. – Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, 2019, vol. 560, pp. 1–6.
27. Kondratowicz-Kucewicz B. and Wojtasiewicz G. The Proposal of a Transformer Model With Winding Made of Parallel 2G HTS Tapes With Transpositioners and its Contact Cooling System. – IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 4., p. 5500405.
28. Wojtasiewicz G. Fault Current Limitation by 2G HTS Superconducting Transformer-Experimental Investigation. – Acta Physica Polonica A, 2016, vol. 130, No. 2, pp. 516–520.
---
The research was carried out with financial support as part of the implementation of the NSTU development program, Scientific Project No. С21-24.
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2021-10-23
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