Lightning Initiation as a Consequence of Natural Thundercloud Evolution. Part 3. Streamers and Transition from Streamers to a Leader Channel
Abstract
This article presents the final part of the study devoted to description of the authors’ scenario of lightning initiation in a thundercloud, the first two parts of which are presented in [1, 2]. The first part shows that consideration of the electron detachment from negative ions results in that the air breakdown field reduces by 15–30 %. This partially simplifies but does not solve the problem of lightning initiation in a thundercloud, the maximum electric fields in which are approximately an order of magnitude lower than the dielectric strength of air. The second part describes the transition from millimeter corona discharges to decimeter-scale regions of elevated ionic conductivity, which becomes possible if the spatiotemporal frequency of corona discharges arising due to collisions (nearly collisions) of hydrometeors exceeds a quite moderate value of 0,1 m-3s-1. In turn, the regions of elevated ionic conductivity give rise to positive streamers. The article presents the lightning initiation process final stage, at which streamers oriented by the large-scale electric field are combined into a single plasma network, inside which a hot leader channel is generated. It is shown that, for the transition from streamers to a lightning leader seed to occur, a potential difference between the boundaries of the zone of a strong intracloud field is to exceed 3 MV. The article ends with a general conclusion summarizing the trilogy results.
References
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