Synthesizing the Optimal Control of an Induction Motor-Based Traction Electric Drive with Taking into Account Magnetic Saturation and Core Losses

  • Igor’ O. ZHUROV
  • Sergey V. BAYDA
  • Stanislav N. FLORENTSEV
  • Pavel I. ROZKARYAKA
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2023-3-71-79
Keywords: induction motor, magnetic saturation, core losses, optimal control strategy, maximat torque per ampere, minimal power loss, field-oriented vector control, traction electric drive

Abstract

Traction electric drives based on an induction motor often employ vector control with orienting along the rotor flux vector, with which it becomes possible to achieve high performance indicators of the motor and drive as a whole in both static and dynamic operation modes. However, to achieve high energy efficiency of the drive, the use of optimal control strategies becomes of issue. This implies the need to set up, given a specified electromagnetic torque, the stator current flux-forming and torque-forming components according to a certain law to achieve the motor operation optimized with respect to the selected criterion. In the context of a traction electric drive, such criteria are stator current to be maximized or power losses to be minimized. In doing so, it is important to take into account the motor magnetic system saturation and core losses, which have a significant impact on the synthesis of optimal control strategies. The article gives the equations of electromagnetic processes in a cage induction motor with field-oriented control and with taking into account the above-mentioned specific features. A procedure for synthesizing optimal control strategies while minimizing power losses and stator current is also given. Differences in approaches to the synthesis of optimal strategies with and without taking the magnetic system saturation into account are shown.

Author Biographies

Igor’ O. ZHUROV

(LLC «Engineering Center «Ruselprom», Moscow, Russia) – Leading Software Engineer of the Software Laboratory of the Complete Traction Electrical Equipment Dept.

Sergey V. BAYDA

(LLC «Engineering Center «Ruselprom», Moscow, Russia) – Head of the Software Laboratory of the Complete Traction Electrical Equipment Dept.

Stanislav N. FLORENTSEV

(LLC «Engineering Center «Ruselprom», Moscow, Russia) – Head of the Complete Traction Electrical Equipment Dept., Cand. Sci. (Eng.).

Pavel I. ROZKARYAKA

(Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, DPR, Russia) – Head of the Electric Drive and Automation Dept., Cand. Sci. (Eng.).

References

1. Kouns H., Lai J.-S., Konrad C.E. Analysis of a Traction Induction Motor Drive Operating under Maximum Efficiency and Maximum Torque per Ampere Conditions. – 19th IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004, vol. 1, pp. 545–551, DOI:10.1109/APEC.2004.1295860.
2. Liu Y., Bazzi A. Improved Maximum Torque-Per-Ampere Control of Induction Machines by Considering Iron Loss. – IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2017, DOI:10.1109/IEMDC.2017.8002379.
3. Naganathan P., Srinivas S. Maximum Torque Per Ampere Based Direct Torque Control Scheme of IM Drive for Electrical Vehicle Applications. – IEEE 18th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2018, pp. 256–261, DOI:10.1109/EPEPEMC.2018.8521987.
4. Hrkel M., Vittek J., Biel Z. Maximum Torque per Ampere Control Strategy of Induction Motor with Iron Losses. – 2012 ELEKTRO, 2012, pp. 185–190, DOI:10.1109/ELEKTRO.2012.6225635.
5. Peresada S. et al. Dynamic Output Feedback Linearizing Control of Saturated Induction Motors with Torque per Ampere Ratio Maximization," 2016 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Energy and Power Systems (IEPS), 2016, DOI:10.1109/IEPS.2016.7521878.
6. Dymko S., Peresada S., Leidhold R. Torque Control of Saturated Induction Motors with Torque per Ampere Ratio Maximization. – 2014 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Energy and Power Systems (IEPS), 2014, pp. 251–256, DOI:10.1109/IEPS.2014.6874189.
7. Mousavi M.S., Davari S.A. A Novel Maximum Torque Per Ampere and Active Disturbance Rejection Control Considering Core Saturation for Induction Motor. – 9th Annual Power Electronics, Drives Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), 2018, pp. 318–323, DOI:10.1109/PEDSTC.2018.8343816.
8. Consoli A. et al. Induction Motor Sensorless Control Based on a Maximum Torque per Ampere Approach. –38th IAS Annual Meeting on Conference Record of the Industry Applications Conference, 2003, vol.3, pp. 2005–2011, DOI:10.1109/IAS.2003.1257842.
9. Kwon C. Performance of Adaptive MTPA Torque Per Amp Control at Multiple Operating Points for Induction Motor Drives. – 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2018, pp. 637–641, DOI:10.1109/IECON.2018.8595146.
10. Popov A. et al. Dynamic Response of FOC Induction Motors Using MTPA Considering Voltage Constraints. –26th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Improvement in Efficiency of Electric Drives (IWED), 2019, DOI:10.1109/IWED.2019.8664402.
11. Zhurov I., Bayda S., Florentsev S. Modeling of a Diesel Locomotive Induction Motor Drive with the Field-oriented Control when Operating in a Limited Voltage and High Rotation Frequency Mode. – 28th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Improving Reliability of Electric Drives (IWED), 2021, DOI:10.1109/IWED52055.2021.9376322.
12. Salahmanesh M.A., Zarchi H.A., Hesar H.M. A Non-Linear Technique for MTPA-Based Induction Motor Drive Considering Iron Loss and Saturation Effects. – 11th Power Electronics, Drive Systems, and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), 2020, DOI:10.1109/PEDSTC49159.2020.9088415.
13. Pugachev A., Kosmodamianskiy A. Induction Motor Scalar Control System with Power Losses Minimization. – International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM), 2019, DOI:10.1109/ICIEAM.2019.8742951.
14. Mendes E., Baba A., Razek A. Losses Minimization of a Field Oriented Controlled Induction Machine. –7th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives, 1995, pp. 310–314, DOI: 10.1049/cp:19950885.
15. Uddin M.N., Nam S.W. New Online Loss-Minimization-Based Control of an Induction Motor Drive. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2008, vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 926–933, DOI:10.1109/TPEL.2007.915029.
16. Tolochko O., Kaluhin D., Burmelov O. Speed Vector Control of Induction Motor With Copper and Iron Losses Minimization. – IEEE 2nd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (UKRCON), 2019, pp. 408–413, DOI:10.1109/UKRCON. 2019.8879994.
17. Nam S.W., Uddin M.N. Model-Based Loss Minimization Control of an Induction Motor Drive. – IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2006, pp. 2367–2372, DOI:10.1109/ISIE. 2006.295942.
18. Hassan A., Bazzi A. Adaptive Loss Minimization Technique of Induction Motor Drives Using Extended Kalman Filter. – IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2021, DOI:10.1109/IEMDC47953.2021.9449534.
19. Baba A., Mendes E., Razek A. Losses Minimisation of a Field-Oriented Controlled Induction Machine by Flux Optimisation Accounting for Magnetic Saturation. – IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Record, 1997, DOI:10.1109/IEMDC.1997.604184.
20. Poirier E., Ghribi M., Kaddouri A. Loss Minimization Control of Induction Motor Drives Based on Genetic Algorithms. – IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 2001, pp. 475–478, DOI:10.1109/IEMDC.2001.939348.
21. Odhano S.A. et al. Maximum Efficiency per Torque Direct Flux Vector Control of Induction Motor Drives. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2015, 51(6), pp. 4415–4424, DOI:10.1109/TIA.2015.2448682.
22. Zhurov I., Bayda S., Florentsev S. Field-Oriented Control of the Induction Motor as Part of the Shunting Locomotive Powertrain Considering Core Losses and Magnetic Saturation. – 29th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Advances in Power Electronics for Electric Drives (IWED), 2022, DOI:10.1109/IWED54598.2022.9722586.
23. Wang K. et al. Comparison Study of Induction Motor Models Considering Iron Loss for Electric Drives. – Energies, 2019, 12(3), 503, DOI:10.3390/en12030503.
24. Hasegawa M., Doki S., Okuma S. Compensation Method of Stator Iron Loss of Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Using Robust Flux Observer. – Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2000, 137(3), pp. 287–292, DOI:10.1109/AMC.2000.862876.
25. Altas L.H., Sharaf A.M. Modified Induction Motor Drive Speed Control Strategies for Loss Reduction and Efficiency Enhancement. – The Twenty-Third Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 1991, pp. 39–44, DOI:10.1109/SSST.1991.138508.
26. Zhurov I., Bayda S., Florentsev S. Modeling of a Diesel Locomotive Induction Motor Drive with the Field-Oriented Control when Operating in a Limited Voltage and High Rotation Frequency Mode. – 28th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Improving Reliability of Electric Drives (IWED), 2021, DOI:10.1109/IWED52055.2021.9376322.
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1. Kouns H., Lai J.-S., Konrad C.E. Analysis of a Traction Induction Motor Drive Operating under Maximum Efficiency and Maximum Torque per Ampere Conditions. – 19th IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004, vol. 1, pp. 545–551, DOI:10.1109/APEC.2004.1295860.
2. Liu Y., Bazzi A. Improved Maximum Torque-Per-Ampere Control of Induction Machines by Considering Iron Loss. – IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2017, DOI:10.1109/IEMDC.2017.8002379.
3. Naganathan P., Srinivas S. Maximum Torque Per Ampere Based Direct Torque Control Scheme of IM Drive for Electrical Vehicle Applications. – IEEE 18th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2018, pp. 256–261, DOI:10.1109/EPEPEMC.2018.8521987.
4. Hrkel M., Vittek J., Biel Z. Maximum Torque per Ampere Control Strategy of Induction Motor with Iron Losses. – 2012 ELEKTRO, 2012, pp. 185–190, DOI:10.1109/ELEKTRO.2012.6225635.
5. Peresada S. et al. Dynamic Output Feedback Linearizing Control of Saturated Induction Motors with Torque per Ampere Ratio Maximization," 2016 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Energy and Power Systems (IEPS), 2016, DOI:10.1109/IEPS.2016.7521878.
6. Dymko S., Peresada S., Leidhold R. Torque Control of Saturated Induction Motors with Torque per Ampere Ratio Maximization. – 2014 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Energy and Power Systems (IEPS), 2014, pp. 251–256, DOI:10.1109/IEPS.2014.6874189.
7. Mousavi M.S., Davari S.A. A Novel Maximum Torque Per Ampere and Active Disturbance Rejection Control Considering Core Saturation for Induction Motor. – 9th Annual Power Electronics, Drives Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), 2018, pp. 318–323, DOI:10.1109/PEDSTC.2018.8343816.
8. Consoli A. et al. Induction Motor Sensorless Control Based on a Maximum Torque per Ampere Approach. –38th IAS Annual Meeting on Conference Record of the Industry Applications Conference, 2003, vol.3, pp. 2005–2011, DOI:10.1109/IAS.2003.1257842.
9. Kwon C. Performance of Adaptive MTPA Torque Per Amp Control at Multiple Operating Points for Induction Motor Drives. – 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2018, pp. 637–641, DOI:10.1109/IECON.2018.8595146.
10. Popov A. et al. Dynamic Response of FOC Induction Motors Using MTPA Considering Voltage Constraints. –26th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Improvement in Efficiency of Electric Drives (IWED), 2019, DOI:10.1109/IWED.2019.8664402.
11. Zhurov I., Bayda S., Florentsev S. Modeling of a Diesel Locomotive Induction Motor Drive with the Field-oriented Control when Operating in a Limited Voltage and High Rotation Frequency Mode. – 28th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Improving Reliability of Electric Drives (IWED), 2021, DOI:10.1109/IWED52055. 2021.9376322.
12. Salahmanesh M.A., Zarchi H.A., Hesar H.M. A Non-Linear Technique for MTPA-Based Induction Motor Drive Considering Iron Loss and Saturation Effects. – 11th Power Electronics, Drive Systems, and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), 2020, DOI:10.1109/PEDSTC 49159.2020.9088415.
13. Pugachev A., Kosmodamianskiy A. Induction Motor Scalar Control System with Power Losses Minimization. – International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufactu-ring (ICIEAM), 2019, DOI:10.1109/ICIEAM.2019.8742951.
14. Mendes E., Baba A., Razek A. Losses Minimization of a Field Oriented Controlled Induction Machine. –7th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives, 1995, pp. 310–314, DOI: 10.1049/cp:19950885.
15. Uddin M.N., Nam S.W. New Online Loss-Minimization-Based Control of an Induction Motor Drive. – IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2008, vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 926–933, DOI:10.1109/TPEL.2007.915029.
16. Tolochko O., Kaluhin D., Burmelov O. Speed Vector Control of Induction Motor With Copper and Iron Losses Minimization. – IEEE 2nd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (UKRCON), 2019, pp. 408–413, DOI:10.1109/UKRCON.2019.8879994.
17. Nam S.W., Uddin M.N. Model-Based Loss Minimization Control of an Induction Motor Drive. – IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2006, pp. 2367–2372? DOI:10.1109/ISIE.2006.295942.
18. Hassan A., Bazzi A. Adaptive Loss Minimization Technique of Induction Motor Drives Using Extended Kalman Filter. – IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2021, DOI:10.1109/IEMDC47953.2021.9449534.
19. Baba A., Mendes E., Razek A. Losses Minimisation of a Field-Oriented Controlled Induction Machine by Flux Optimisation Accounting for Magnetic Saturation. – IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference Record, 1997, DOI:10.1109/IEMDC.1997.604184.
20. Poirier E., Ghribi M., Kaddouri A. Loss Minimization Control of Induction Motor Drives Based on Genetic Algorithms. – IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 2001, pp. 475–478, DOI:10.1109/IEMDC.2001.939348.
21. Odhano S.A. et al. Maximum Efficiency per Torque Direct Flux Vector Control of Induction Motor Drives. – IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2015, 51(6), pp. 4415–4424, DOI:10.1109/TIA.2015.2448682.
22. Zhurov I., Bayda S., Florentsev S. Field-Oriented Control of the Induction Motor as Part of the Shunting Locomotive Powertrain Considering Core Losses and Magnetic Saturation. – 29th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Advances in Power Electronics for Electric Drives (IWED), 2022, DOI:10.1109/IWED54598.2022.9722586.
23. Wang K. et al. Comparison Study of Induction Motor Models Considering Iron Loss for Electric Drives. – Energies, 2019, 12(3), 503, DOI:10.3390/en12030503.
24. Hasegawa M., Doki S., Okuma S. Compensation Method of Stator Iron Loss of Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Using Robust Flux Observer. – Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2000, 137(3), pp. 287–292, DOI:10.1109/AMC.2000.862876.
25. Altas L.H., Sharaf A.M. Modified Induction Motor Drive Speed Control Strategies for Loss Reduction and Efficiency Enhancement. – The Twenty-Third Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 1991, pp. 39–44, DOI:10.1109/SSST.1991.138508.
26. Zhurov I., Bayda S., Florentsev S. Modeling of a Diesel Locomotive Induction Motor Drive with the Field-Oriented Control when Operating in a Limited Voltage and High Rotation Frequency Mode. – 28th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Improving Reliability of Electric Drives (IWED), 2021, DOI:10.1109/IWED 52055.2021.9376322.
Published
2023-01-26
Issue
No 3 (2023): Issue № 3
Section
Article