Temperature Equalization of a Multilevel Converter’s Low-Voltage Cell Power Modules
Keywords:
low-voltage cell, multilevel converter, static series synchronous compensator
Abstract
The reactive power compensator based on a multilevel converter contains series-connected low-voltage power cells. Each low-voltage cell is a full bridge consisting of two power modules. The air flow from the cooling system is heated under the first power module, and the second module following the first one is cooled less efficiently. The temperature difference under the modules of one cell reaches 10 °C. The article proposes a control algorithm with which the switching losses are redistributed between the modules so that to reduce the temperature difference. By changing the matching of the pulse-width modulation of the switches to the positive and negative bus of the cell DC link, the required ratio of switching losses between the two power modules is achieved, which makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the hottest one of them. A low-voltage power cell thermal model developed in the PSIM environment and a radiator model calculated using the finite element method are considered. The parameters of the simplified thermal model are estimated; the losses in power cells at zero output voltage are determined, and the ratio of their operation at zero output voltage is changed. The study results have shown that the proposed algorithm equalizes the temperatures and reduces the temperature under the module by 10 °C during operation at rated load.
References
1. Hingorani N.G., Gyugyi L. Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems. IEEE Press, New York, 2000, 452 p.
2. Hingorani N.G., Gyugyi L. FACTS Concept and General System Considerations. Understanding FACTS. –Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, 2000, pp.1–35, DOI: 10.1109/9780470546802.ch1.
3. Sen K.K. SSSC – Static Synchronous Series Compensator: Theory, Modelling and Publications. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1998, vol. 13, No.1, pp. 241–246, DOI:10.1109/61.660884.
4. Dixon L. et al. Reactive Power Compensation Technologies: State-of-the-Art Review. – Proceedings of the IEEE, 2005, vol. 93, No. 12, pp. 2144–2164, DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2005.859937.
5. Chivite-Zabalza F.J. et al. Modelling and Control of a Series Static Synchronous Compensator Using Low-Frequency, Fixed- Modulation Index Techniques. – 7th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2014, DOI: 10.1049/cp.2014.0370.
6. Smolovik S.V., et al. Control Characteristics of Static Synchronous Series Compensator. – IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2020, pp. 1329–1332, DOI: 10.1109/EIConRus49466.2020.9039313.
7. Rashitov P.А., Vershanskiy E.A., Gorchakov A.V. The Techniques of Reactance Regulation by the Distributed Static Synchronous Series Compensator in Power Lines. – 20th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, 2019, pp. 469-475, DOI: 10.1109/EDM.2019.8823321.
8. Kaarunya N., Muruganandham J. Performance Analysis of Static Synchronous Series Compensator and Interline Power Flow Controller. – International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, 2018, pp. 0888–0892, DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2018.8524264.
9. Elgebaly A.E. et al. Power Flow Control Using Transformer-less Static Synchronous Series Compensators. – 3rd International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/REEPE51337.2021.9387975.
10. Smartvalve. Digital Power Flow Control [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://www.smartwires.com/smartvalve (дата обращения 08.12.2022).
11. Kazemirova Y. et al. PWM Strategy for Equal Distribution of Losses Between Low-Voltage Cells in an MV Frequency Converter. – 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2020, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209791.
12. Kazemirova Y. et al. Analysis of Walking Cell PWM Strategy in Multilevel Frequency Converter in Fault Condition. – 9th International Conference on Modern Power Systems, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/MPS52805.2021.9492601.
13. Kazemirova Y. et al. Walking Cell Pulse-Width Modulation Strategy for a Transformerless Static Synchronous Series Compensator. – IEEE 62nd International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/RTUCON53541.2021.9711737.
14. Anuchin A. et al. Minimization and Redistribution of Switching Losses Using Predictive PWM Strategy in a Voltage Source Inverter. – 25th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Optimization in Control of Electric Drives, 2018, DOI: 10.1109/IWED.2018.8321375.
15 Singh K., Basak A. Performance Study of Different PLL Schemes Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage. – IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 2019, pp. 66–71, DOI: 10.1109/TENSYMP46218.2019.89710.
#
1. Hingorani N.G., Gyugyi L. Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems. IEEE Press, New York, 2000, 452 p.
2. Hingorani N.G., Gyugyi L. FACTS Concept and General System Considerations. Understanding FACTS. – Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, 2000, pp.1–35, DOI: 10.1109/9780470546802.ch1.
3. Sen K.K. SSSC – Static Synchronous Series Compensator: Theory, Modelling and Publications. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1998, vol. 13, No.1, pp. 241–246, DOI:10.1109/61.660884.
4. Dixon L. et al. Reactive Power Compensation Technologies: State-of-the-Art Review. – Proceedings of the IEEE, 2005, vol. 93, No. 12, pp. 2144–2164, DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2005.859937.
5. Chivite-Zabalza F.J. et al. Modelling and Control of a Series Static Synchronous Compensator Using Low-Frequency, Fixed- Modulation Index Techniques. – 7th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2014, DOI: 10.1049/cp.2014.0370.
6. Smolovik S.V., et al. Control Characteristics of Static Synchronous Series Compensator. – IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2020, pp. 1329–1332, DOI: 10.1109/EIConRus49466.2020.9039313.
7. Rashitov P.А., Vershanskiy E.A., Gorchakov A.V. The Techniques of Reactance Regulation by the Distributed Static Synchronous Series Compensator in Power Lines. – 20th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, 2019, pp. 469-475, DOI: 10.1109/EDM.2019. 8823321.
8. Kaarunya N., Muruganandham J. Performance Analysis of Static Synchronous Series Compensator and Interline Power Flow Controller. – International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, 2018, pp. 0888–0892, DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2018.8524264.
9. Elgebaly A.E. et al. Power Flow Control Using Transformer-less Static Synchronous Series Compensators. – 3rd International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/REEPE51337.2021.9387975.
10. Smartvalve. Digital Power Flow Control [Electron. resource], URL: https://www.smartwires.com/smartvalve (Date of appeal 08.12.2022).
11. Kazemirova Y. et al. PWM Strategy for Equal Distribution of Losses Between Low-Voltage Cells in an MV Frequency Converter. – 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2020, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209791.
12. Kazemirova Y. et al. Analysis of Walking Cell PWM Strategy in Multilevel Frequency Converter in Fault Condition. – 9th International Conference on Modern Power Systems, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/MPS52805.2021.9492601.
13. Kazemirova Y. et al. Walking Cell Pulse-Width Modulation Strategy for a Transformerless Static Synchronous Series Compensator. – IEEE 62nd International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/RTUCON53541.2021.9711737.
14. Anuchin A. et al. Minimization and Redistribution of Switching Losses Using Predictive PWM Strategy in a Voltage Source Inverter. – 25th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Optimization in Control of Electric Drives, 2018, DOI: 10.1109/IWED.2018.8321375.
15. Singh K., Basak A. Performance Study of Different PLL Schemes Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage. – IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 2019, pp. 66–71, DOI: 10.1109/TENSYMP 46218.2019.89710.
2. Hingorani N.G., Gyugyi L. FACTS Concept and General System Considerations. Understanding FACTS. –Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, 2000, pp.1–35, DOI: 10.1109/9780470546802.ch1.
3. Sen K.K. SSSC – Static Synchronous Series Compensator: Theory, Modelling and Publications. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1998, vol. 13, No.1, pp. 241–246, DOI:10.1109/61.660884.
4. Dixon L. et al. Reactive Power Compensation Technologies: State-of-the-Art Review. – Proceedings of the IEEE, 2005, vol. 93, No. 12, pp. 2144–2164, DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2005.859937.
5. Chivite-Zabalza F.J. et al. Modelling and Control of a Series Static Synchronous Compensator Using Low-Frequency, Fixed- Modulation Index Techniques. – 7th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2014, DOI: 10.1049/cp.2014.0370.
6. Smolovik S.V., et al. Control Characteristics of Static Synchronous Series Compensator. – IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2020, pp. 1329–1332, DOI: 10.1109/EIConRus49466.2020.9039313.
7. Rashitov P.А., Vershanskiy E.A., Gorchakov A.V. The Techniques of Reactance Regulation by the Distributed Static Synchronous Series Compensator in Power Lines. – 20th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, 2019, pp. 469-475, DOI: 10.1109/EDM.2019.8823321.
8. Kaarunya N., Muruganandham J. Performance Analysis of Static Synchronous Series Compensator and Interline Power Flow Controller. – International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, 2018, pp. 0888–0892, DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2018.8524264.
9. Elgebaly A.E. et al. Power Flow Control Using Transformer-less Static Synchronous Series Compensators. – 3rd International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/REEPE51337.2021.9387975.
10. Smartvalve. Digital Power Flow Control [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://www.smartwires.com/smartvalve (дата обращения 08.12.2022).
11. Kazemirova Y. et al. PWM Strategy for Equal Distribution of Losses Between Low-Voltage Cells in an MV Frequency Converter. – 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2020, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209791.
12. Kazemirova Y. et al. Analysis of Walking Cell PWM Strategy in Multilevel Frequency Converter in Fault Condition. – 9th International Conference on Modern Power Systems, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/MPS52805.2021.9492601.
13. Kazemirova Y. et al. Walking Cell Pulse-Width Modulation Strategy for a Transformerless Static Synchronous Series Compensator. – IEEE 62nd International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/RTUCON53541.2021.9711737.
14. Anuchin A. et al. Minimization and Redistribution of Switching Losses Using Predictive PWM Strategy in a Voltage Source Inverter. – 25th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Optimization in Control of Electric Drives, 2018, DOI: 10.1109/IWED.2018.8321375.
15 Singh K., Basak A. Performance Study of Different PLL Schemes Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage. – IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 2019, pp. 66–71, DOI: 10.1109/TENSYMP46218.2019.89710.
#
1. Hingorani N.G., Gyugyi L. Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems. IEEE Press, New York, 2000, 452 p.
2. Hingorani N.G., Gyugyi L. FACTS Concept and General System Considerations. Understanding FACTS. – Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, 2000, pp.1–35, DOI: 10.1109/9780470546802.ch1.
3. Sen K.K. SSSC – Static Synchronous Series Compensator: Theory, Modelling and Publications. – IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1998, vol. 13, No.1, pp. 241–246, DOI:10.1109/61.660884.
4. Dixon L. et al. Reactive Power Compensation Technologies: State-of-the-Art Review. – Proceedings of the IEEE, 2005, vol. 93, No. 12, pp. 2144–2164, DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2005.859937.
5. Chivite-Zabalza F.J. et al. Modelling and Control of a Series Static Synchronous Compensator Using Low-Frequency, Fixed- Modulation Index Techniques. – 7th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2014, DOI: 10.1049/cp.2014.0370.
6. Smolovik S.V., et al. Control Characteristics of Static Synchronous Series Compensator. – IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2020, pp. 1329–1332, DOI: 10.1109/EIConRus49466.2020.9039313.
7. Rashitov P.А., Vershanskiy E.A., Gorchakov A.V. The Techniques of Reactance Regulation by the Distributed Static Synchronous Series Compensator in Power Lines. – 20th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, 2019, pp. 469-475, DOI: 10.1109/EDM.2019. 8823321.
8. Kaarunya N., Muruganandham J. Performance Analysis of Static Synchronous Series Compensator and Interline Power Flow Controller. – International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, 2018, pp. 0888–0892, DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2018.8524264.
9. Elgebaly A.E. et al. Power Flow Control Using Transformer-less Static Synchronous Series Compensators. – 3rd International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/REEPE51337.2021.9387975.
10. Smartvalve. Digital Power Flow Control [Electron. resource], URL: https://www.smartwires.com/smartvalve (Date of appeal 08.12.2022).
11. Kazemirova Y. et al. PWM Strategy for Equal Distribution of Losses Between Low-Voltage Cells in an MV Frequency Converter. – 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2020, DOI: 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209791.
12. Kazemirova Y. et al. Analysis of Walking Cell PWM Strategy in Multilevel Frequency Converter in Fault Condition. – 9th International Conference on Modern Power Systems, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/MPS52805.2021.9492601.
13. Kazemirova Y. et al. Walking Cell Pulse-Width Modulation Strategy for a Transformerless Static Synchronous Series Compensator. – IEEE 62nd International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/RTUCON53541.2021.9711737.
14. Anuchin A. et al. Minimization and Redistribution of Switching Losses Using Predictive PWM Strategy in a Voltage Source Inverter. – 25th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Optimization in Control of Electric Drives, 2018, DOI: 10.1109/IWED.2018.8321375.
15. Singh K., Basak A. Performance Study of Different PLL Schemes Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage. – IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 2019, pp. 66–71, DOI: 10.1109/TENSYMP 46218.2019.89710.
Published
2023-03-30
Issue
Section
Article
