Prospects for the Development of Aircraft Electrical Machines
Keywords:
aircraft, electrical aviation concepts, aircraft electrical machines
Abstract
Electrification of aviation is a promising development line of aircraft and one of possible solutions to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere. The development of electrical systems in aviation is directly connected with the use of electrical machines on board an aircraft. The article reviews the prospects of using electrical machines in the aviation industry. The basic concepts of electrical aviation are considered (concepts of a more electrical aircraft, an aircraft with a hybrid power plant, an aircraft with a turboelectric power plant, and a fully electrical aircraft), which are being implemented by a large number of research communities and large corporations. The current state, advantages and problems of the mentioned electrical aviation concepts are estimated. Structural diagrams explaining the principle of each of the concepts considered are given. The types of aircraft electrical machines that are most thoroughly studied and have found frequent use are analyzed. The current state of their development is given. Promising methods for optimizing the design of electrical machines, as well as the stages of their study and development in the field of electrical engineering are considered. A conclusion on the further development of aircraft electrical machines is formulated.
References
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2. Liu Y. et al. Review of More Electric Engines for Civil Aircraft. – International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 2022, vol. 23(4), pp. 784–793, DOI: 10.1007/s42405-022-00469-0.
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11. Brelje B.J., Martins J.R.R.A. Electric, Hybrid, and Turboelectric Fixed-Wing Aircraft: A Review of Concepts, Models, and Design Approaches. – Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2019, vol. 104, DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2018.06.004.
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13. Халютин С.П., Давидов А.О., Жмуров Б.В. Электрические и гибридные самолеты: перспективы создания. – Электричество, 2017, № 9, с. 4–16.
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18. Bojoi R. et al. Control of Shaft-Line-Embedded Multiphase Starter/Generator for Aero-Engine. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, vol. 63(1), pp. 641–652, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2472637.
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23. Xiaoyuan C. et al. Comparison of Two Different Fault-Tolerant Switched Reluctance Machines for Fuel Pump Drive in Aircraft. – IEEE 6th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2009, pp. 2086–2090, DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2009.5157742.
24. Bartolo J.B. et al. Design and Initial Testing of a High-Speed 45-kW Switched Reluctance Drive for Aerospace Application. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, vol. 64(2), pp. 988–997, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2016.2618342.
25. Ganev E. Selecting the Best Electric Machines for Electrical Power-Generation Systems: High-Performance Solutions for Aerospace More Electric Architectures. – IEEE Electrification Magazine, 2014, vol. 2(4), pp. 13–22. DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2014.2364731.
26. Diab A. et al. Performance Analysis of PMSM for High-Speed Starter-Generator System. – IEEE International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC), 2018, DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC.2018.8607764.
27. Thangaraj B., Arumugam D., Somasundaram G. FEA Analysis of SPMSG for Aircraft Application. – International Journal of Engineering and Technology (UAE), 2018, vol. 7, pp. 89–93.
28. Liu C. et al. Design and Control of a Doubly-Excited Permanent-Magnet Brushless Integrated-Starter-Generator for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. – 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2007, pp. 1702–1709, DOI: 10.1109/07IAS.2007.261.
29. Ganev E.D., Salam A. Advanced Electric Drives for Aerospace Electric and Hybrid Propulsion. – AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium (EATS), 2019, DOI: 10.2514/6.2019-4399.
30. Messine F. Deterministic Global Optimization Using Interval Constraint Propagation Techniques. – RAIRO-Operations Research-Recherche Opérationnelle, 2004, vol. 38(4), pp. 277–293, DOI: 10.1051/ro:2004026.
31. Belousov A.I., Sapozhnikov A.Y. Synthesis of Basic Structural Design of Aircraft GTE Based on Genetic Algorithms. – Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ), 2015, vol. 58, pp. 199–204, DOI: 10.3103/S1068799815020105.
32. Thanh P.C., Wen S.A. A Comparative Study of Control Methods for Induction Motor and High Performance Z-Source Inverter. – TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2013, vol. 11(6), pp. 2912–2925, DOI: 10.11591/telkomnika.v11i6.2445.
33. Yan-Cai X. et al. Transformer Fault Diagnosis Based on Hierarchical Fuzzy Support Vector Machines. – TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2013, vol. 11(10), pp. 5842–5850, DOI:10.11591/telkomnika.v11i10.3414.
34. Krishnamoorthy A., Dharmalingam K. Application of Genetic Algorithms in the Design Optimization of Three-Phase Induction Motor. – Journal of Computer Applications, 2009, vol. 2(4), pp. 1–5.
35. Stipetic S., Miebach W., Zarko D. Optimization in Design of Electric Machines: Methodology and Workflow. – ACEMP, OPTIM & ELECTROMOTION, 2015, pp. 441–448, DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427030.
36. Uler G.F., Mohammed O.A., Koh C.S. Design Optimization of Electrical Machines Using Genetic Algorithms. – IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1995, vol. 31(3), pp. 2008–2011, DOI: 10.1109/20.376437.
37. Cho D.H., Jung H.K., Lee C.G. Induction Motor Design for Electric Vehicle Using a Niching Genetic Algorithm. – IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, 2001, vol. 37(4), pp. 994–999, DOI: 10.1109/28.936389.
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Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 21-19-00454
#
1. Tom L. et al. Commercial Aircraft Electrification – Current State and Future Scope. – Energies, 2021, vol. 14(24), DOI: 10.3390/en14248381.
2. Liu Y. et al. Review of More Electric Engines for Civil Aircraft. – International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 2022, vol. 23(4), pp. 784–793, DOI: 10.1007/s42405-022-00469-0.
3. Benzaquen J., He J.B., Mirafzal B. Toward More Electric Powertrains in Aircraft: Technical Challenges and Advancements. – CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2021, vol. 5(3), pp. 177–193, DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2021.00022.
4. Buticchi G. et al. On-Board Microgrids for the More Electric Aircraft – Technology Review. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018, vol. 66(7), pp. 5588–5599, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2018. 2881951.
5. Ni K. et al. Electrical and Electronic Technologies in More-Electric Aircraft: A Review. – IEEE Access, 2019, vol. 7, pp. 76145–76166, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2921622.
6. Robbins D. et al. F-35 Subsystems Design, Development & Verification. – 2018 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, 2018, DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-3518.
7. Wiegand C. F-35 Air Vehicle Technology Overview. – Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, 2018, DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-3368.
8. Roboam X. New Trends and Challenges of Electrical Networks Embedded in “More Electrical Aircraft”. – IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2011, pp. 26–31, DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2011.5984130.9.
9. Wheeler P., Bozhko S. The More Electric Aircraft: Technology and Challenges. – IEEE Electrification Magazine, 2014, vol. 2(4), pp. 6–12, DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2014.2360720.
10. Ye X.I.E. et al. Review of Hybrid Electric Powered Aircraft, Its Conceptual Design and Energy Management Methodologies. – Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2021, vol. 34(4), pp. 432–450, DOI: 10.1016/j.cja.2020.07.017.
11. Brelje B.J., Martins J.R.R.A. Electric, Hybrid, and Turbo-electric Fixed-Wing Aircraft: A Review of Concepts, Models, and Design Approaches. – Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2019, vol. 104, DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2018.06.004.
12. Jansen R. et al. Overview of NASA Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) Research for Large Subsonic Transports. – 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 2017, DOI: 10.2514/6.2017-4701.
13. Halyutin S.P., Davidov A.O., Zhmurov B.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electrisity), 2017, No. 9, pp. 4–16.
14. Gnadt A.R. et al. Technical and Environmental Assessment of All-Electric 180-Passenger Commercial Aircraft. – Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2019, vol. 105, DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2018.11.002.
15. El-Refaie A., Osama M. High Specific Power Electrical Machines: A System Perspective. – CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2019, vol. 3(1), pp. 88–93, DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2019.00012.
16. Vaidya J., Gregory E. High Speed Induction Generator for Applications in Aircraft Power Systems. – SAE Transactions, 2004, pp. 1830–1836, DOI:10.4271/2004-01-3174.
17. Skawinski G. Fuel pump motor-drive systems for more electric aircraft, 2010 [Electron. resource], URL: https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/fuel-pump-motor-drive-systems-for-more-electric-aircraft (Date of appeal 05.05.2023).
18. Bojoi R. et al. Control of Shaft-Line-Embedded Multiphase Starter/Generator for Aero-Engine. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, vol. 63(1), pp. 641–652, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2472637.
19. Jiao S. et al. Induction Generator Based Electrical Power Generation System for More Electric Aircraft Applications. – AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium (EATS), 2020, pp. 1–9.
20. Bojoi R. et al. Control of Shaft-Line-Embedded Multiphase Starter/Generator for Aero-Engine. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, vol. 63(1), pp. 641–652, DOI:10.1109/TIE.2015.2472637.
21. Siadatan A. et al. Design, Simulation and Experimental Results for a Novel Type of Two-Layer 6/4 Three-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor/Generator. – Energy Conversion and Management, 2013, vol. 71(12), pp. 199–207, DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2013.03.011.
22. Velmurugan G. More Electric Aircraft Starter-Generator System Based on Switched Reluctance Machine: a Feasibility Study, 2020 [Electron. resource], URI: https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/61211 (Date of appeal 05.05.2023).
23. Xiaoyuan C. et al. Comparison of Two Different Fault-Tolerant Switched Reluctance Machines for Fuel Pump Drive in Aircraft. – IEEE 6th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2009, pp. 2086–2090, DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2009.5157742.
24. Bartolo J.B. et al. Design and Initial Testing of a High-Speed 45-kW Switched Reluctance Drive for Aerospace Application. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, vol. 64(2), pp. 988–997, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2016.2618342.
25. Ganev E. Selecting the Best Electric Machines for Electrical Power-Generation Systems: High-Performance Solutions for Aerospace More Electric Architectures. – IEEE Electrification Magazine, 2014, vol. 2(4), pp. 13–22. DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2014.2364731.
26. Diab A. et al. Performance Analysis of PMSM for High-Speed Starter-Generator System. – IEEE International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC), 2018, DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC.2018.8607764.
27. Thangaraj B., Arumugam D., Somasundaram G. FEA Analysis of SPMSG for Aircraft Application. – International Journal of Engineering and Technology (UAE), 2018, vol. 7, pp. 89–93.
28. Liu C. et al. Design and Control of a Doubly-Excited Permanent-Magnet Brushless Integrated-Starter-Generator for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. – 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2007, pp. 1702–1709, DOI: 10.1109/07IAS.2007.261.
29. Ganev E.D., Salam A. Advanced Electric Drives for Aerospace Electric and Hybrid Propulsion. – AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium (EATS), 2019, DOI: 10.2514/6.2019-4399.
30. Messine F. Deterministic Global Optimization Using Interval Constraint Propagation Techniques. – RAIRO-Operations Research-Recherche Opérationnelle, 2004, vol. 38(4), pp. 277–293, DOI: 10.1051/ro:2004026.
31. Belousov A.I., Sapozhnikov A.Y. Synthesis of Basic Structural Design of Aircraft GTE Based on Genetic Algorithms. – Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ), 2015, vol. 58, pp. 199–204, DOI: 10.3103/S1068799815020105.
32. Thanh P.C., Wen S.A. A Comparative Study of Control Methods for Induction Motor and High Performance Z-Source Inverter. – TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2013, vol. 11(6), pp. 2912–2925, DOI: 10.11591/telkomnika.v11i6.2445.
33. Yan-Cai X. et al. Transformer Fault Diagnosis Based on Hierarchical Fuzzy Support Vector Machines. – TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2013, vol. 11(10), pp. 5842–5850, DOI:10.11591/telkomnika.v11i10.3414.
34. Krishnamoorthy A., Dharmalingam K. Application of Genetic Algorithms in the Design Optimization of Three-Phase Induction Motor. – Journal of Computer Applications, 2009, vol. 2(4), pp. 1–5.
35. Stipetic S., Miebach W., Zarko D. Optimization in Design of Electric Machines: Methodology and Workflow. – ACEMP, OPTIM & ELECTROMOTION, 2015, pp. 441–448, DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427030.
36. Uler G.F., Mohammed O.A., Koh C.S. Design Optimization of Electrical Machines Using Genetic Algorithms. – IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1995, vol. 31(3), pp. 2008–2011, DOI: 10.1109/20.376437.
37. Cho D.H., Jung H.K., Lee C.G. Induction Motor Design for Electric Vehicle Using a Niching Genetic Algorithm. – IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, 2001, vol. 37(4), pp. 994–999, DOI: 10.1109/28.936389
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The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 21-19-00454
2. Liu Y. et al. Review of More Electric Engines for Civil Aircraft. – International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 2022, vol. 23(4), pp. 784–793, DOI: 10.1007/s42405-022-00469-0.
3. Benzaquen J., He J.B., Mirafzal B. Toward More Electric Powertrains in Aircraft: Technical Challenges and Advancements. – CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2021, vol. 5(3), pp. 177–193, DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2021.00022.
4. Buticchi G. et al. On-Board Microgrids for the More Electric Aircraft – Technology Review. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018, vol. 66(7), pp. 5588–5599, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2018.2881951.
5. Ni K. et al. Electrical and Electronic Technologies in More-Electric Aircraft: A Review. – IEEE Access, 2019, vol. 7, pp. 76145–76166, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2921622.
6. Robbins D. et al. F-35 Subsystems Design, Development & Verification. – 2018 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, 2018, DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-3518.
7. Wiegand C. F-35 Air Vehicle Technology Overview. – Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, 2018, DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-3368.
8. Roboam X. New Trends and Challenges of Electrical Networks Embedded in “More Electrical Aircraft”. – IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2011, pp. 26–31, DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2011.5984130.9.
9. Wheeler P., Bozhko S. The More Electric Aircraft: Technology and Challenges. – IEEE Electrification Magazine, 2014, vol. 2(4), pp. 6–12, DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2014.2360720.
10. Ye X.I.E. et al. Review of Hybrid Electric Powered Aircraft, Its Conceptual Design and Energy Management Methodologies. – Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2021, vol. 34(4), pp. 432–450, DOI: 10.1016/j.cja.2020.07.017.
11. Brelje B.J., Martins J.R.R.A. Electric, Hybrid, and Turboelectric Fixed-Wing Aircraft: A Review of Concepts, Models, and Design Approaches. – Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2019, vol. 104, DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2018.06.004.
12. Jansen R. et al. Overview of NASA Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) Research for Large Subsonic Transports. – 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 2017, DOI: 10.2514/6.2017-4701.
13. Халютин С.П., Давидов А.О., Жмуров Б.В. Электрические и гибридные самолеты: перспективы создания. – Электричество, 2017, № 9, с. 4–16.
14. Gnadt A.R. et al. Technical and Environmental Assessment of All-Electric 180-Passenger Commercial Aircraft. – Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2019, vol. 105, DOI: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2018.11.002.
15. El-Refaie A., Osama M. High Specific Power Electrical Machines: A System Perspective. – CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2019, vol. 3(1), pp. 88–93, DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2019.00012.
16. Vaidya J., Gregory E. High Speed Induction Generator for Applications in Aircraft Power Systems. – SAE Transactions, 2004, pp. 1830–1836, DOI:10.4271/2004-01-3174.
17. Skawinski G. Fuel pump motor-drive systems for more electric aircraft, 2010 [Электрон. ресурс], URL: https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/fuel-pump-motor-drive-systems-for-more-electric-aircraft (дата обращения 05.05.2023).
18. Bojoi R. et al. Control of Shaft-Line-Embedded Multiphase Starter/Generator for Aero-Engine. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, vol. 63(1), pp. 641–652, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2472637.
19. Jiao S. et al. Induction Generator Based Electrical Power Generation System for More Electric Aircraft Applications. – AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium (EATS), 2020, pp. 1–9.
20. Bojoi R. et al. Control of Shaft-Line-Embedded Multiphase Starter/Generator for Aero-Engine. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, vol. 63(1), pp. 641–652, DOI:10.1109/TIE.2015. 2472637.
21. Siadatan A. et al. Design, Simulation and Experimental Results for a Novel Type of Two-Layer 6/4 Three-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor/Generator. – Energy Conversion and Management, 2013, vol. 71(12), pp. 199–207, DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2013.03.011.
22. Velmurugan G. More Electric Aircraft Starter-Generator System Based on Switched Reluctance Machine: a Feasibility Study, 2020 [Электрон. ресурс], URI: https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/61211 (дата обращения 05.05.2023).
23. Xiaoyuan C. et al. Comparison of Two Different Fault-Tolerant Switched Reluctance Machines for Fuel Pump Drive in Aircraft. – IEEE 6th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2009, pp. 2086–2090, DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2009.5157742.
24. Bartolo J.B. et al. Design and Initial Testing of a High-Speed 45-kW Switched Reluctance Drive for Aerospace Application. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, vol. 64(2), pp. 988–997, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2016.2618342.
25. Ganev E. Selecting the Best Electric Machines for Electrical Power-Generation Systems: High-Performance Solutions for Aerospace More Electric Architectures. – IEEE Electrification Magazine, 2014, vol. 2(4), pp. 13–22. DOI: 10.1109/MELE.2014.2364731.
26. Diab A. et al. Performance Analysis of PMSM for High-Speed Starter-Generator System. – IEEE International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC), 2018, DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC.2018.8607764.
27. Thangaraj B., Arumugam D., Somasundaram G. FEA Analysis of SPMSG for Aircraft Application. – International Journal of Engineering and Technology (UAE), 2018, vol. 7, pp. 89–93.
28. Liu C. et al. Design and Control of a Doubly-Excited Permanent-Magnet Brushless Integrated-Starter-Generator for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. – 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, 2007, pp. 1702–1709, DOI: 10.1109/07IAS.2007.261.
29. Ganev E.D., Salam A. Advanced Electric Drives for Aerospace Electric and Hybrid Propulsion. – AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium (EATS), 2019, DOI: 10.2514/6.2019-4399.
30. Messine F. Deterministic Global Optimization Using Interval Constraint Propagation Techniques. – RAIRO-Operations Research-Recherche Opérationnelle, 2004, vol. 38(4), pp. 277–293, DOI: 10.1051/ro:2004026.
31. Belousov A.I., Sapozhnikov A.Y. Synthesis of Basic Structural Design of Aircraft GTE Based on Genetic Algorithms. – Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ), 2015, vol. 58, pp. 199–204, DOI: 10.3103/S1068799815020105.
32. Thanh P.C., Wen S.A. A Comparative Study of Control Methods for Induction Motor and High Performance Z-Source Inverter. – TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2013, vol. 11(6), pp. 2912–2925, DOI: 10.11591/telkomnika.v11i6.2445.
33. Yan-Cai X. et al. Transformer Fault Diagnosis Based on Hierarchical Fuzzy Support Vector Machines. – TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2013, vol. 11(10), pp. 5842–5850, DOI:10.11591/telkomnika.v11i10.3414.
34. Krishnamoorthy A., Dharmalingam K. Application of Genetic Algorithms in the Design Optimization of Three-Phase Induction Motor. – Journal of Computer Applications, 2009, vol. 2(4), pp. 1–5.
35. Stipetic S., Miebach W., Zarko D. Optimization in Design of Electric Machines: Methodology and Workflow. – ACEMP, OPTIM & ELECTROMOTION, 2015, pp. 441–448, DOI: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427030.
36. Uler G.F., Mohammed O.A., Koh C.S. Design Optimization of Electrical Machines Using Genetic Algorithms. – IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1995, vol. 31(3), pp. 2008–2011, DOI: 10.1109/20.376437.
37. Cho D.H., Jung H.K., Lee C.G. Induction Motor Design for Electric Vehicle Using a Niching Genetic Algorithm. – IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, 2001, vol. 37(4), pp. 994–999, DOI: 10.1109/28.936389.
---
Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 21-19-00454
#
1. Tom L. et al. Commercial Aircraft Electrification – Current State and Future Scope. – Energies, 2021, vol. 14(24), DOI: 10.3390/en14248381.
2. Liu Y. et al. Review of More Electric Engines for Civil Aircraft. – International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 2022, vol. 23(4), pp. 784–793, DOI: 10.1007/s42405-022-00469-0.
3. Benzaquen J., He J.B., Mirafzal B. Toward More Electric Powertrains in Aircraft: Technical Challenges and Advancements. – CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2021, vol. 5(3), pp. 177–193, DOI: 10.30941/CESTEMS.2021.00022.
4. Buticchi G. et al. On-Board Microgrids for the More Electric Aircraft – Technology Review. – IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018, vol. 66(7), pp. 5588–5599, DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2018. 2881951.
5. Ni K. et al. Electrical and Electronic Technologies in More-Electric Aircraft: A Review. – IEEE Access, 2019, vol. 7, pp. 76145–76166, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2921622.
6. Robbins D. et al. F-35 Subsystems Design, Development & Verification. – 2018 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, 2018, DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-3518.
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The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 21-19-00454
Published
2023-07-17
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