Numerical and Experimental Determination of PD Apparent Charges for Defective Insulation Models
Keywords:
apparent charges, partial discharges, amplitude-phase diagram, mathematical modeling
Abstract
The article presents the results of refining the partial discharge (PD) physico-mathematical model for gaseous voids in solid insulation in regard of calculating true and apparent charges. The model under consideration is based on replacing the distribution of charges deposited on the void walls by an equivalent spheroid. As a result, it becomes possible to formulate analytically the relation between the change of electric field strength inside the void and the charge induced in the object’s electrodes. The model is supplemented with statistical parameters, which make it possible to reproduce the recorded amplitude-phase diagrams. These parameters include the PD statistical time lag, streamer extinction electric field strength, and relaxation time of charges deposited on the void walls. The article also presents the results of apparent PD charge measurements by the electrical method on specially made solid insulation mockups. The mockups are made of caprolon with air voids simulating the insulation defects near the electrode and inside the dielectric. The model reproduces, with good accuracy, the average value of the apparent PD charge in all considered mockups. It is shown that by selecting the PD model statistical parameters, it is possible to achieve good agreement between simulated and experimental amplitude-phase diagrams, and to reproduce the measured scatter of PD apparent charge values.
References
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15. Gutfleisch F., Niemeyer L. Measurement and Simulation of PD in Epoxy Voids. – IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995, vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 729–743, DOI: 10.1109/94.469970.
16. Niemeyer L., Fruth B., Gutfleisch F. Simulation of Partial Discharges in Insulation Systems. – 7th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, 1991, pp. 25–28.
17. McAllister I.W. Decay of Charge Deposited on the Wall of Gaseous Void. – IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1992, vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 1202–1207, DOI: 10.1109/14.204872.
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Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-29-00934, https://rscf.ru/project/23-29-00934.
#
1. Bazutkin V.V., Larionov V.P., Pintal’ Yu.S. Tehnika vysokih napryazheniy. Izolyatsiya i perenapryazheniya v elektricheskih sistemah (High Voltage Technology. Insulation and Overvoltage in Electrical Systems). M.: Energoatomizdat, 1986, 464 s.
2. CIGRE Technical Brochure № 676. Partial Discharge in Transformers, 2017, 162 p.
3. Ma H. et al. Partial Discharge Sources Classification of Power Transformer Using Pattern Recognition Techniques. – 2013 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 2013, pp. 1193–1196, DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2013.6747430.
4. Janani H., Jacob N.D., Kordi B. Automated Recognition of Partial Discharge in Oil-Immersed Insulation. – 2015 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC), 2015, pp. 467–470, DOI: 10.1109/ICACACT.2014.7223599.
5. Zhuykov A.V. et al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2023, No. 7, pp. 35–46.
6. Zhuykov A.V. et al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2023, No. 10, pp. 37–47.
7. Bykova A.M. et al. Elektrotekhnika – in Russ. (Electrical Engineering), 2025, No. 2.
8. Bortnik I.M. et al. Elektrofizicheskie osnovy tekhniki vysokih napryazheniy (Electrophysical Fundamentals of High Voltage Technology). M.: Izd-vo MEI, 2018, 732 p.
9. Stratton J.A. Electromagnetic Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1941, 649 p.
10. Jackson J.D. Classical Electrodynamics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1967, 656 p.
11. Niemeyer L. A Generalized Approach to Partial Discharge Modeling. – IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995, vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 510–528, DOI: 10.1109/94.407017.
12. Pedersen. A. Partial Discharges in Voids in Solid Dielectrics. An Alternative Approach. – Conference on Electrical Insulation & Dielectric Phenomena – Annual Report, 1987, pp. 58–64, DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1987.7736534.
13. Smayt V. Elektrostatika i elektrodinamika (Electrostatics and Electrodynamics). M.: Izdatel’stvo inostrannoy literatury, 1954, 606 c.
14. Crichton G.C., Karlsson P.W., Pedersen A. Partial Discharges in Ellipsoidal and Spheroidal Voids. – IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1989, vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 335–342, DOI: 10.1109/14.90292.
15. Gutfleisch F., Niemeyer L. Measurement and Simulation of PD in Epoxy Voids. – IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995, vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 729–743, DOI: 10.1109/94.469970.
16. Niemeyer L., Fruth B., Gutfleisch F. Simulation of Partial Discharges in Insulation Systems. – 7th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, 1991, pp. 25–28.
17. McAllister I.W. Decay of Charge Deposited on the Wall of Gaseous Void. – IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1992, vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 1202–1207, DOI: 10.1109/14.204872
---
The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 23-29-00934, https://rscf.ru/project/23-29-00934
2. CIGRE Technical Brochure № 676. Partial Discharge in Transformers, 2017, 162 p.
3. Ma H. et al. Partial Discharge Sources Classification of Power Transformer Using Pattern Recognition Techniques. – 2013 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 2013, pp. 1193–1196, DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2013.6747430.
4. Janani H., Jacob N.D., Kordi B. Automated Recognition of Partial Discharge in Oil-Immersed Insulation. – 2015 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC), 2015, pp. 467–470, DOI: 10.1109/ICACACT.2014.7223599.
5. Жуйков А.В. и др. Исследование частотных характеристик индуктивных датчиков в схемах измерения частичных разрядов. – Электричество, 2023, № 7, с. 35–46.
6. Жуйков А.В. и др. О применении высокоиндуктивных датчиков для измерения сигналов частичных разрядов электрическим методом в условиях заводских испытаний. – Электричество, 2023, № 10, с. 37–47.
7. Быкова А.М. и др. Расчетно-экспериментальное исследование напряжений возникновения ЧР в макетах твердой изоляции. – Электротехника, 2025, № 2.
8. Бортник И.М. и др. Электрофизические основы техники высоких напряжений. М.: Изд-во МЭИ, 2018, 732 с.
9. Stratton J.A. Electromagnetic Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1941, 649 p.
10. Jackson J.D. Classical Electrodynamics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1967, 656 p.
11. Niemeyer L. A Generalized Approach to Partial Discharge Modeling. – IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995, vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 510–528, DOI: 10.1109/94.407017.
12. Pedersen. A. Partial Discharges in Voids in Solid Dielectrics. An Alternative Approach. – Conference on Electrical Insulation & Dielectric Phenomena – Annual Report, 1987, pp. 58–64, DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1987.7736534.
13. Смайт В. Электростатика и электродинамика. М.: Издательство иностранной литературы, 1954, 606 c.
14. Crichton G.C., Karlsson P.W., Pedersen A. Partial Discharges in Ellipsoidal and Spheroidal Voids. – IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1989, vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 335–342, DOI: 10.1109/14.90292.
15. Gutfleisch F., Niemeyer L. Measurement and Simulation of PD in Epoxy Voids. – IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995, vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 729–743, DOI: 10.1109/94.469970.
16. Niemeyer L., Fruth B., Gutfleisch F. Simulation of Partial Discharges in Insulation Systems. – 7th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, 1991, pp. 25–28.
17. McAllister I.W. Decay of Charge Deposited on the Wall of Gaseous Void. – IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1992, vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 1202–1207, DOI: 10.1109/14.204872.
---
Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-29-00934, https://rscf.ru/project/23-29-00934.
#
1. Bazutkin V.V., Larionov V.P., Pintal’ Yu.S. Tehnika vysokih napryazheniy. Izolyatsiya i perenapryazheniya v elektricheskih sistemah (High Voltage Technology. Insulation and Overvoltage in Electrical Systems). M.: Energoatomizdat, 1986, 464 s.
2. CIGRE Technical Brochure № 676. Partial Discharge in Transformers, 2017, 162 p.
3. Ma H. et al. Partial Discharge Sources Classification of Power Transformer Using Pattern Recognition Techniques. – 2013 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 2013, pp. 1193–1196, DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.2013.6747430.
4. Janani H., Jacob N.D., Kordi B. Automated Recognition of Partial Discharge in Oil-Immersed Insulation. – 2015 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC), 2015, pp. 467–470, DOI: 10.1109/ICACACT.2014.7223599.
5. Zhuykov A.V. et al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2023, No. 7, pp. 35–46.
6. Zhuykov A.V. et al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2023, No. 10, pp. 37–47.
7. Bykova A.M. et al. Elektrotekhnika – in Russ. (Electrical Engineering), 2025, No. 2.
8. Bortnik I.M. et al. Elektrofizicheskie osnovy tekhniki vysokih napryazheniy (Electrophysical Fundamentals of High Voltage Technology). M.: Izd-vo MEI, 2018, 732 p.
9. Stratton J.A. Electromagnetic Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1941, 649 p.
10. Jackson J.D. Classical Electrodynamics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1967, 656 p.
11. Niemeyer L. A Generalized Approach to Partial Discharge Modeling. – IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995, vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 510–528, DOI: 10.1109/94.407017.
12. Pedersen. A. Partial Discharges in Voids in Solid Dielectrics. An Alternative Approach. – Conference on Electrical Insulation & Dielectric Phenomena – Annual Report, 1987, pp. 58–64, DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1987.7736534.
13. Smayt V. Elektrostatika i elektrodinamika (Electrostatics and Electrodynamics). M.: Izdatel’stvo inostrannoy literatury, 1954, 606 c.
14. Crichton G.C., Karlsson P.W., Pedersen A. Partial Discharges in Ellipsoidal and Spheroidal Voids. – IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1989, vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 335–342, DOI: 10.1109/14.90292.
15. Gutfleisch F., Niemeyer L. Measurement and Simulation of PD in Epoxy Voids. – IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995, vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 729–743, DOI: 10.1109/94.469970.
16. Niemeyer L., Fruth B., Gutfleisch F. Simulation of Partial Discharges in Insulation Systems. – 7th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, 1991, pp. 25–28.
17. McAllister I.W. Decay of Charge Deposited on the Wall of Gaseous Void. – IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1992, vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 1202–1207, DOI: 10.1109/14.204872
---
The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 23-29-00934, https://rscf.ru/project/23-29-00934
Published
2024-12-23
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