Обзор литийионных конденсаторов
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2026-2-4-16Ключевые слова:
литийионный конденсатор, гибридное устройство энергетического хранения, анод, катод, электролит, технология прелитированияАннотация
Литийионные конденсаторы (ЛИК), появившиеся в качестве гибридных решений для хранения энергии вслед за традиционными двухслойными конденсаторами и литийионными батареями, оказали глубокое влияние на фундаментальные исследования и разработку приложений в области хранения энергии благодаря синергетической оптимизации мощности и энергетических показателей. Обладая выдающимися свойствами, такими как высокая удельная мощность, повышенная энергоемкость, исключительный срок службы, широкая адаптируемость к температурным условиям и низкие риски с точки зрения безопасности, ЛИК стимулировали широкие научные и практические исследования, направленные на выявление механизмов накопления энергии и изучение различных сценариев применения. В последние годы были достигнуты значительные успехи в области модификации электродных материалов и интеграции устройств на основе ЛИК, что заложило основу для изучения потенциала их применения в таких областях, как автомобили на новых энергетических ресурсах, железнодорожный транспорт и умные электросети. В статье систематизированы типичные материалы и технологии ЛИК с особым акцентом на электродные материалы, электролитные системы и процессы предварительного литиирования. На фоне политики "двойного использования углерода" дается перспектива будущих приоритетных направлений исследований и развития ЛИК в области перехода к твердотельной форме, предлагаются новые подходы для дальнейшего их практического применения и индустриализации.
Библиографические ссылки
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Поступила в редакцию [18.12.2025]
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1. Li B. et al. Electrode Materials, Electrolytes, and Challenges in Nonaqueous Lithium-Ion Capacitors. – Advanced Materials, 2018, vol. 30 (17), DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705670.
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3. Soltani M., Beheshti S.H. A Comprehensive Review of Lithium-Ion Capacitor: Development, Modelling, Thermal Management and Applications. – Journal of Energy Storage, 2021, vol. 34, DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2020.102019.
4. Apparla N.K., Gopalakrishnan A., Sharma C.S. A Brief Review on Heteroatom-Doped Dual-Carbon Metal-Ion Hybrid Capacitors: The Role of Carbon Nanomaterials. – ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2024, vol. 7 (16), pp. 18676–18694, DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c01889.
5. Lamb J.J., Burheim O.S. Lithium-Ion Capacitors: A Review of Design and Active Materials. – Energies, 2021, vol. 14 (4), DOI: 10.3390/en14040979.
6. Eleri O.E., Lou F., Yu Z. Lithium-Ion Capacitors: A Review of Strategies toward Enhancing the Performance of the Activated Carbon Cathode. – Batteries, 2023, vol. 9 (11), DOI: 10.3390/batteries9110533.
7. Guo Z. et al. Battery-Type Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors: Current Status and Future Perspectives. – Batteries, 2023, vol. 9 (2), DOI: 10.3390/batteries9020074.
8. Li J. et al. A Review on Flexible and Transparent Energy Storage System. – Materials, 2018, vol. 11(11), DOI: 10.3390/ma11112280.
9. Cui S., Riaz S., Wang K. Study on Lifetime Decline Prediction of Lithium-Ion Capacitors. – Energies, 2023, vol. 16 (22), DOI: 10.3390/en16227557.
10. Pal R.K. et al. Modeling and Simulation of Phase Change Material-Based Passive and Hybrid Thermal Management Systems for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review. – Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, vol. 116, DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2025.116011.
11. Lee S.-H. et al. Expanded Graphite/Copper Oxide Composite Electrodes for Cell Kinetic Balancing of Lithium-Ion Capacitor. – Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, vol. 829, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154566.
12. Cao W. J. et al. The Effect of Lithium Loadings on Anode to the Voltage Drop During Charge and Discharge of Li-Ion Capacitors. – Journal of Power Sources, 2015, vol. 280, pp. 600–605, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.102.
13. Zhang Y. et al. Regulation of the Cathode for Amphi-Charge Storage in a Redox Electrolyte for High-Energy Lithium-Ion Capacitors. – Chemical Communications, 2020, vol. 56 (84), pp. 12777–12780, DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04106h.
14. Chen J. et al. Recent Advances in Anode Materials for Sodium – and Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors. – Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 2019, vol. 18, DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2019.07.003.
15. Andezai A., Iroh J.O. Review: Overview of Organic Cathode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors. – Energies, 2025, vol. 18 (3), DOI: 10.3390/en18030582.
16. Cao W.J., Zheng J.P. Li-Ion Capacitors with Carbon Cathode and Hard Carbon/Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder Anode Electrodes. – Journal of Power Sources, 2012, vol. 213, pp. 180–185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.033.
17. Wang Y. et al. Electrochemical Stability of Graphene Cathode for High‐Voltage Lithium-Ion Capacitors. – Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016, vol. 11 (3), pp. 407–414, DOI: 10.1002/apj.2001.
18. Tu F. et al. Porous Graphene as Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Capacitor with High Electrochemical Performance. – Powder Technology, 2014, vol. 253, pp. 580–583, DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.12.008.
19. Liu X. et al. Structural Disorder Determines Capacitance in Nanoporous Carbons. – Science, 2024, vol. 384, pp. 321–325, DOI: 10.1126/science.adn6242.
20. Nasini U.B. et al. Phosphorous and Nitrogen Dual Heteroatom Doped Mesoporous Carbon Synthesized Via Microwave Method for Supercapacitor Application. – Journal of Power Sources, 2014, vol. 250, pp. 257–265, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.014.
21. Liu H. et al. Self-Templating Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Cathode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors. – ChemSusChem, 2025, vol. 18 (3), DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401365.
22. Shellikeri A. et al. Hybrid Lithium-Ion Capacitor with LiFePO4/AC Composite Cathode – Long Term Cycle Life Study, Rate Effect and Charge Sharing Analysis. – Journal of Power Sources, 2018, vol. 392, pp. 285–295, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.05.002.
23. Zhao W. et al. High Mass Loading Pitch-Derived Porous Carbon Embedded in Carbon Nanotube Sponge for Lithium-Ion Capacitor Cathodes. – Carbon, 2025, vol. 235, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120059.
24. Tang X. et al. A Novel Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitor Based on an Aerogel-Like MXene Wrapped Fe2O3 Nanosphere Anode and a 3D Nitrogen Sulphur Dual-Doped Porous Carbon Cathode. – Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 2018, vol. 2 (10), pp. 1811–1821, DOI: 10.1039/c8qm00232k.
25. Li C. et al. Scalable Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Graphene for Supercapacitors with Superior Power Density and Cyclic Stability. – Advanced Materials, 2017, vol. 29 (7), DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604690.
26. Karimi D. et al. A Comprehensive Review of Lithium-Ion Capacitor Technology: Theory, Development, Modeling, Thermal Management Systems, and Applications. – Molecules, 2022, vol. 27 (10), DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103119.
27. Yang J. et al. Carbonaceous Mesophase Spherule/Activated Carbon Composite as Anode Materials for Super Lithium-Ion Capacitors. – Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2011, vol. 18, pp. 972–977, DOI: 10.1007/s11771−011−0789−0.
28. Han C. et al. Nanostructured Anode Materials for Non‐Aqueous Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors. – Energy & Environmental Materials, 2018, vol. 1 (2), pp. 75–87, DOI: 10.1002/eem2.12009.
29. Tan J.-Y. et al. Hollow Porous α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles as Anode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors. – ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2021, vol. 9 (3), pp. 1180–1192, DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c06650.
30. Yao F., Pham D.T., Lee Y.H. Carbon-Based Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries, Electrochemical Capacitors, and Their Hybrid Devices. – ChemSusChem, 2015, vol. 8 (14), pp. 2284–2311, DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403490.
31. Wang Z. et al. Surface-Modification of Graphite with N-Heterocyclic Conducting Polymers as High-Performance Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries. – Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, vol. 13 (8), pp. 2511–2518, DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0152.
32. Zhang L. et al. A High-Rate and Ultrastable Anode for Lithium-Ion Capacitors Produced by Modifying Hard Carbon with Both Surface Oxidation and Intercalation. – New Carbon Materials, 2022, vol. 37 (5), pp. 1000–1010, DOI: 10.1016/s1872-5805(22)60632-2.
33. Luan Y. et al. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Dual-Doped Multilayer Graphene as Universal Anode for Full Carbon-Based Lithium and Potassium Ion Capacitors. – Nano-Micro Letters, 2019, vol. 11 (1), DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0260-6.
34. Zhao X. et al. High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors Based on CoO-Graphene Composite Anode and Holey Carbon Nanolayer Cathode. – ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2019, vol. 7 (13), pp. 11275–11283, DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00641.
35. An Y.-B. et al. Improving Anode Performances of Lithium-Ion Capacitors Employing Carbon-Si Composites. – Rare Metals, 2019, vol. 38 (12), pp. 1113–1123, DOI: 10.1007/s12598-019-01328-w.
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