Designing of a Low-Current HTS AC Cable
Keywords:
AC losses, HTS tape, stack of HTS tapes, bifilar HTS cable
Abstract
Currently, a large number of projects involving the application of electric machines with windings made of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) intended for use in advanced transport are under development. Most of these machines have a rated current significantly less than 1 kA, which is too low to be powered by HTS cables designed for the electric power industry, where current values can reach 10 kA. On the other hand, connection, for example, a cryogenically cooled electric generator and its load (which will most likely also be cryogenically cooled) with copper wires on board a vehicle is inefficient. This article addresses the development of an AC transmission system concept for machines with a rated current of less than 1 kA via an HTS cable. To achieve a compact design, it was decided to use a cable consisting of stacks of HTS tapes. A series of experiments was carried out with different numbers of tapes and directions of current in them for stacks of 2, 4 and 6 HTS tapes. The results of experiments were compared with those obtained from finite element modeling. It has been shown that, with the currents in adjacent HTS tapes flowing in opposite directions in a way similar to that in bifilar windings, it is possible to achieve a significantly lower level of losses per tape in comparison with the configuration in which the currents in cable tapes flow in the same direction.
References
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8. Zubko V.V. et al. AC Losses Analysis in Stack of 2G HTS Tapes in a Coil. – Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2020, vol. 1559 (1), DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1559/1/012115.
9. Ahn M.C. et al. Manufacture and Test of Small-Scale Super-conducting Fault Current Limiter by Using the Bifilar Winding of Coated Conductor. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2006, vol. 16 (2), pp. 646–649, DOI:10.1109/TASC.2006.870522.
10. Schmidt W., Gamble B. Design and Test of Current Limiting Modules Using YBCO-Coated Conductors. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2009, vol. 23 (1), DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/23/1/014024.
11. Clem J.R. Field and Current Distributions and AC Losses in a Bifilar Stack of Superconducting Strips. – Physical review. B, 2008, vol. 77, DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.77.134506.
12. Song W. et al. Transport AC Loss Measurements in Bifilar Stacks Composed of YBCO Coated Conductors. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28 (4), DOI:10.1109/TASC. 2018.2805307.
13. Gomory F. et al. AC Losses in Coated Conductors. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2010, vol. 23, No. 3, DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/23/3/034012.
14. Zubko V.V., Zanegin S.Yu., Fetisov S.S. Models for Optimization and AC Losses Analysis in a 2G HTS Cable. – Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, vol. 2043(1), DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/2043/1/012004.
15. Занегин С.Ю. и др. Экспериментальное и численное исследование потерь в ВТСП катушках переменного тока. – Электротехника, 2022, № 6, с. 65–70.
#
1. Yanamoto T. et al. Loss Analysis of a 3-MW High-Temperature Superconducting Ship Propulsion Motor. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 8–13, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2018.2815712.
2. Moon H. et al. An Introduction to the Design and Fabrication Progress of a Megawatt Class 2G HTS Motor for the Ship Propulsion Application. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2016, vol. 29, No. 3, DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/29/3/034009.
3. Haran K.S. et al. High Power Density Superconducting Rotating Machines – Development Status and Technology Road-map. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2017, vol. 30 (12), DOI:10.1088/1361-6668/aa833e.
4. Ivanov N. et al. Calculation, Design, and Winding Preliminary Tests of 90-kW HTS Machine for Small-Scale Demonstrator of Generating System for Future Aircraft with Hybrid Propulsion System. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2023, vol. 33 (2), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2022.32287045.
5. Malozemoff A.P., Yuan J., Rey C.M. High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) AC Cables for Power Grid Applications, 2015, DOI:10.1016/B978-1-78242-029-3.00005-4.
6. Sytnikov V.E. et al. The Test Results of AC and DC HTS Cables in Russia. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 26 (3), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2016.2535150.
7. Fetisov S.S., Zubko V.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2021, No. 6, pp. 12–24.
8. Zubko V.V. et al. AC Losses Analysis in Stack of 2G HTS Tapes in a Coil. – Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2020, vol. 1559 (1), DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1559/1/012115.
9. Ahn M.C. et al. Manufacture and Test of Small-Scale Super-conducting Fault Current Limiter by Using the Bifilar Winding of Coated Conductor. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2006, vol. 16 (2), pp. 646–649, DOI:10.1109/TASC.2006.870522.
10. Schmidt W., Gamble B. Design and Test of Current Limiting Modules Using YBCO-Coated Conductors. – Superconductor Sci-ence and Technology, 2009, vol. 23 (1), DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/23/1/ 014024.
11. Clem J.R. Field and Current Distributions and AC Losses in a Bifilar Stack of Superconducting Strips. – Physical review. B, 2008, vol. 77, DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.77.134506.
12. Song W. et al. Transport AC Loss Measurements in Bifilar Stacks Composedof YBCO Coated Conductors. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28 (4), DOI:10.1109/TASC. 2018.2805307.
13. Gomory F. et al. AC Losses in Coated Conductors. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2010, vol. 23, No. 3, DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/23/3/034012.
14. Zubko V.V., Zanegin S.Yu., Fetisov S.S. Models for Optimization and AC Losses Analysis in a 2G HTS Cable. – Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, vol. 2043(1), DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/2043/1/012004.
15. Zanegin S.Yu. et al. Elektrotekhnika – in Russ. (Electrical Engineering), 2022, No. 6, pp. 65–70
2. Moon H. et al. An Introduction to the Design and Fabrication Progress of a Megawatt Class 2G HTS Motor for the Ship Propulsion Application. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2016, vol. 29, No. 3, DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/29/3/034009.
3. Haran K.S. et al. High Power Density Superconducting Rotating Machines – Development Status and Technology Road-map. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2017, vol. 30 (12), DOI:10.1088/1361-6668/aa833e.
4. Ivanov N. et al. Calculation, Design, and Winding Preliminary Tests of 90-kW HTS Machine for Small-Scale Demonstrator of Generating System for Future Aircraft with Hybrid Propulsion System. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2023, vol. 33 (2), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2022.32287045.
5. Malozemoff A.P., Yuan J., Rey C.M. High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) AC Cables for Power Grid Applications, 2015, DOI:10.1016/B978-1-78242-029-3.00005-4.
6. Sytnikov V.E. et al. The Test Results of AC and DC HTS Cables in Russia. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 26 (3), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2016.2535150.
7. Фетисов С.С., Зубко В.В. Базовые технологии изготовления силовых кабелей на основе высокотемпературных сверхпроводников второго поколения. – Электричество, 2021, № 6, с. 12–24.
8. Zubko V.V. et al. AC Losses Analysis in Stack of 2G HTS Tapes in a Coil. – Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2020, vol. 1559 (1), DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1559/1/012115.
9. Ahn M.C. et al. Manufacture and Test of Small-Scale Super-conducting Fault Current Limiter by Using the Bifilar Winding of Coated Conductor. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2006, vol. 16 (2), pp. 646–649, DOI:10.1109/TASC.2006.870522.
10. Schmidt W., Gamble B. Design and Test of Current Limiting Modules Using YBCO-Coated Conductors. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2009, vol. 23 (1), DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/23/1/014024.
11. Clem J.R. Field and Current Distributions and AC Losses in a Bifilar Stack of Superconducting Strips. – Physical review. B, 2008, vol. 77, DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.77.134506.
12. Song W. et al. Transport AC Loss Measurements in Bifilar Stacks Composed of YBCO Coated Conductors. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28 (4), DOI:10.1109/TASC. 2018.2805307.
13. Gomory F. et al. AC Losses in Coated Conductors. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2010, vol. 23, No. 3, DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/23/3/034012.
14. Zubko V.V., Zanegin S.Yu., Fetisov S.S. Models for Optimization and AC Losses Analysis in a 2G HTS Cable. – Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, vol. 2043(1), DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/2043/1/012004.
15. Занегин С.Ю. и др. Экспериментальное и численное исследование потерь в ВТСП катушках переменного тока. – Электротехника, 2022, № 6, с. 65–70.
#
1. Yanamoto T. et al. Loss Analysis of a 3-MW High-Temperature Superconducting Ship Propulsion Motor. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 8–13, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2018.2815712.
2. Moon H. et al. An Introduction to the Design and Fabrication Progress of a Megawatt Class 2G HTS Motor for the Ship Propulsion Application. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2016, vol. 29, No. 3, DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/29/3/034009.
3. Haran K.S. et al. High Power Density Superconducting Rotating Machines – Development Status and Technology Road-map. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2017, vol. 30 (12), DOI:10.1088/1361-6668/aa833e.
4. Ivanov N. et al. Calculation, Design, and Winding Preliminary Tests of 90-kW HTS Machine for Small-Scale Demonstrator of Generating System for Future Aircraft with Hybrid Propulsion System. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2023, vol. 33 (2), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2022.32287045.
5. Malozemoff A.P., Yuan J., Rey C.M. High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) AC Cables for Power Grid Applications, 2015, DOI:10.1016/B978-1-78242-029-3.00005-4.
6. Sytnikov V.E. et al. The Test Results of AC and DC HTS Cables in Russia. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, vol. 26 (3), DOI:10.1109/TASC.2016.2535150.
7. Fetisov S.S., Zubko V.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2021, No. 6, pp. 12–24.
8. Zubko V.V. et al. AC Losses Analysis in Stack of 2G HTS Tapes in a Coil. – Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2020, vol. 1559 (1), DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1559/1/012115.
9. Ahn M.C. et al. Manufacture and Test of Small-Scale Super-conducting Fault Current Limiter by Using the Bifilar Winding of Coated Conductor. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2006, vol. 16 (2), pp. 646–649, DOI:10.1109/TASC.2006.870522.
10. Schmidt W., Gamble B. Design and Test of Current Limiting Modules Using YBCO-Coated Conductors. – Superconductor Sci-ence and Technology, 2009, vol. 23 (1), DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/23/1/ 014024.
11. Clem J.R. Field and Current Distributions and AC Losses in a Bifilar Stack of Superconducting Strips. – Physical review. B, 2008, vol. 77, DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.77.134506.
12. Song W. et al. Transport AC Loss Measurements in Bifilar Stacks Composedof YBCO Coated Conductors. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28 (4), DOI:10.1109/TASC. 2018.2805307.
13. Gomory F. et al. AC Losses in Coated Conductors. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2010, vol. 23, No. 3, DOI:10.1088/0953-2048/23/3/034012.
14. Zubko V.V., Zanegin S.Yu., Fetisov S.S. Models for Optimization and AC Losses Analysis in a 2G HTS Cable. – Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, vol. 2043(1), DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/2043/1/012004.
15. Zanegin S.Yu. et al. Elektrotekhnika – in Russ. (Electrical Engineering), 2022, No. 6, pp. 65–70
Published
2023-10-26
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