Измерение и анализ гистерезисных потерь в многоволоконном сверхпроводящем проводе MgB2
Ключевые слова:
диборид магния, высокотемпературные сверхпроводники второго поколения, анизотропия, намагниченность, гистерезисные потери
Аннотация
В статье представлены результаты измерений намагниченности и гистерезисных потерь многожильного сверхпроводящего провода MgB2 (ASG Superconductors) при двух ориентациях магнитного поля: параллельно и перпендикулярно оси проводника. Температура измерений варьировалась в диапазоне 5–45 К. Кривые намагниченности сверхпроводящей фракции MgB2 получены путем вычитания из значений намагниченности всего образца намагниченности ферромагнитной матрицы, измеренной при температуре 45 K выше критической температуры сверхпроводника. Из кривых намагниченности получены зависимости гистерезисных энергетических потерь от напряженности внешнего магнитного поля Qh(Н). Показано, что при ориентации поля перпендикулярно оси провода MgB2 и характерных значениях внешнего поля гистерезисные потери в два раза больше. Предложены метод расчета гистерезисных потерь и методы их уменьшения, позволяющие оптимизировать установки ядерного магнитного резонанса (ЯМР) и магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ), сверхпроводящие двигатели и генераторы с использованием сверхпроводящего провода MgB2 от ASG Superconductors.
Литература
1. Chow C.C.T., Ainslie M.D., Chau K.T. High Temperature Superconducting Rotating Electrical Machines: An Overview. – Energy Reports, 2023, vol. 9, pp. 1124–1156, DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.173.
2. Park S.I. et al. Comparison of Superconducting Generator with 2G HTS and MgB2 Wires. – Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics, 2013, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 48–52, DOI: 10.9714/psac.2013. 15.4.048.
3. Nam G.-D. et al. Design and Comparative Analysis of MgB2 and YBCO Wire-Based-Superconducting Wind Power Generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 3, p. 5205605, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2018.2797929.
4. Sumption M. AC Loss of Superconducting Materials in Motors and Generators for Very High-Density Motors and Generators for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft. – AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium, 2018, DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-5001.
5. Kalsi S.S. et al. Motors Employing ReBCO CORC and MgB2 Superconductors for AC Stator Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31(9), DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3113574.
6. Raza A., Ali S.S. Superconductors for Magnetic Imaging Resonance Applications. – Materials Research Foundations, 2022, vol. 132, pp. 230–255, DOI: 10.21741/9781644902110-13.
7. Nagamatsu J. et al. Superconductivity at 39 K in Magnesium Diboride. – Nature, 2001, No. 410, pp. 63–64, DOI: 10.1038/35065039.
8. Антипов В.Н., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Cверхпроводниковые ветрогенераторы мощностью 10 МВт и более (обзор зарубежных публикаций). – Электричество, 2020, № 10, c. 59–67.
9. Xi X.X. et al. MgB2 Thin Films by Hybrid Physical-Chemical Vapor Deposition. – Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 456, № 1-2, pp. 22–37, DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2007.01.029.
10. Xi X. MgB2 Thin Films. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2009, vol. 22(4), DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/22/4/043001.
11. Jeong H. et al. Enhanced Critical Current Density of MgB2 Superconductor Using a Milled MgB4 Precursor. – Journal of Alloys and Compaunds, 2021, vol. 857, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158253.
12. Patnaik S. et al. Electronic Anisotropy, Magnetic Field-Temperature Phase Diagram and Their Dependence on Resistivity in C-Axis Oriented MgB2 Thin Films. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2001, vol. 14 (6), p. 315, DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/14/6/304.
13. Sharma R.G. Superconductivity: Basics and Applications to Magnets. – Springer Nature, 2021, vol. 214, p. 649, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75672-7.
14. Kario A. et al. Isotropic Behavior of Critical Current for MgB2 Ex Situ Tapes with 5 wt.% Carbon Addition. – Physica C: Superconductivity, 2012, vol. 483, pp. 222–224, DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2012.07.013.
15. Высоцкий В.С. Крупномасштабные применения сверхпроводимости спустя столетие после ее открытия. – Электричество, 2014, т. 11, c. 4–16.
16. Носов А.А. Исследования и разработка методов испытаний сверхпроводящих кабелей на основе высокотемпературных сверхпроводников диборида магния: дис. … канд. техн. наук. М: ВНИИКП, 2017, 145 с.
17. Цаплева А.С. Структура и свойства сверхпроводников на основе диборида магния и разработка режимов их изготовления: дис. … канд. техн. наук. М: ВНИИНМ, 2019, 136 с.
18. Занегин C.Ю., Зубко В.В., Иванов Н.С. Анализ потерь в обмотках и стопках из ВТСП лент второго поколения. – Электричество, 2020, № 5, с. 61–68,
19. Зубко В.В. и др. Анализ гистерезисных потерь в силовых кабелях на основе высокотемпературных сверхпроводящих лент второго поколения. – Электричество, 2014, № 4, с. 24–33.
20. Ghosh A.K., Robins K.E., Sampson W.B. Magnetization Measurements on Multifilamentary Nb3Sn and NbTi Conductors. – IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1985, vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 328–331, DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.1985.1063702.
21. Руднев И.А. и др. Гистерезисные потери в многоволоконных ниобий-оловянных композитах с танталовым диффузионным барьером. – Журнал технической физики, 1996, № 10, с. 118–127.
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Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-72-10088, https://rscf.ru/project/22-72-10088/.
#
1. Chow C.C.T., Ainslie M.D., Chau K.T. High Temperature Superconducting Rotating Electrical Machines: An Overview. – Energy Reports, 2023, vol. 9, pp. 1124–1156, DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.173.
2. Park S.I. et al. Comparison of Superconducting Generator with 2G HTS and MgB2 Wires. – Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics, 2013, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 48–52, DOI: 10.9714/psac.2013.15.4.048.
3. Nam G.-D. et al. Design and Comparative Analysis of MgB2 and YBCO Wire-Based-Superconducting Wind Power Generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 3, p. 5205605, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2018.2797929.
4. Sumption M. AC Loss of Superconducting Materials in Motors and Generators for Very High-Density Motors and Generators for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft. – AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium, 2018, DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-5001.
5. Kalsi S.S. et al. Motors Employing ReBCO CORC and MgB2 Superconductors for AC Stator Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31(9), DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3113574.
6. Raza A., Ali S.S. Superconductors for Magnetic Imaging Resonance Applications. – Materials Research Foundations, 2022, vol. 132, pp. 230–255, DOI: 10.21741/9781644902110-13.
7. Nagamatsu J. et al. Superconductivity at 39 K in Magnesium Diboride. – Nature, 2001, No. 410, pp. 63–64, DOI: 10.1038/35065039.
8. Antipov V.N., Grozov A.D., Ivanova A.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2020, No. 10, pp. 59–67.
9. Xi X.X. et al. MgB2 Thin Films by Hybrid Physical-Chemical Vapor Deposition. – Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 456, № 1-2, pp. 22–37, DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2007.01.029.
10. Xi X. MgB2 Thin Films. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2009, vol. 22(4), DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/22/4/043001.
11. Jeong H. et al. Enhanced Critical Current Density of MgB2 Superconductor Using a Milled MgB4 Precursor. – Journal of Alloys and Compaunds, 2021, vol. 857, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158253.
12. Patnaik S. et al. Electronic Anisotropy, Magnetic Field-Temperature Phase Diagram and Their Dependence on Resistivity in C-Axis Oriented MgB2 Thin Films. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2001, vol. 14 (6), p. 315, DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/14/6/304.
13. Sharma R.G. Superconductivity: Basics and Applications to Magnets. – Springer Nature, 2021, vol. 214, p. 649, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75672-7.
14. Kario A. et al. Isotropic Behavior of Critical Current for MgB2 Ex Situ Tapes with 5 wt.% Carbon Addition. – Physica C: Superconductivity, 2012, vol. 483, pp. 222–224, DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2012.07.013.
15. Vysotskiy V.S. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2014, No. 11, pp. 4–16.
16. Nosov А.А. Issledovaniya i razrabotka metodov ispytaniy sverhprovodyashchih kabeley na osnove vysokotemperaturnyh sverh-provodnikov diborida magniya: dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk (Research and Development of Test Methods for Superconducting Cables Based on High-Temperature Superconductors of Magnesium Diboride: Dis. ... Cand. Sci. (Eng.)). М: VNIIKP, 2017, 145 p.
17. Tsapleva A.S. Struktura i svoystva sverhprovodnikov na osnove diborida magniya i razrabotka rezhimov ih izgotovleniya: dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk (Structure and Properties of Superconductors Based on Magnesium Diboride and Development of Their Manufacturing Modes: Dis. ... Cand. Sci. (Eng.)). М: VNIINM, 2019, 136 p.
18. Zanegin S.Yu., Zubko V.V., Ivanov N.S. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2020, No. 5, pp. 61–68,
19. Zubko V.V. et al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2014, No. 4, pp. 24–33.
20. Ghosh A.K., Robins K.E., Sampson W.B. Magnetization Measurements on Multifilamentary Nb3Sn and NbTi Conductors. – IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1985, vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 328–331, DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.1985.1063702.
21. Rudnev I.A. et al. Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoy Fiziki – in Russ. (Technical Physics), 1996, No. 10, pp. 118–127.
---
The research was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 22-72-10088, https://rscf.ru/project/22-72-10088/.
2. Park S.I. et al. Comparison of Superconducting Generator with 2G HTS and MgB2 Wires. – Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics, 2013, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 48–52, DOI: 10.9714/psac.2013. 15.4.048.
3. Nam G.-D. et al. Design and Comparative Analysis of MgB2 and YBCO Wire-Based-Superconducting Wind Power Generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 3, p. 5205605, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2018.2797929.
4. Sumption M. AC Loss of Superconducting Materials in Motors and Generators for Very High-Density Motors and Generators for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft. – AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium, 2018, DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-5001.
5. Kalsi S.S. et al. Motors Employing ReBCO CORC and MgB2 Superconductors for AC Stator Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31(9), DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3113574.
6. Raza A., Ali S.S. Superconductors for Magnetic Imaging Resonance Applications. – Materials Research Foundations, 2022, vol. 132, pp. 230–255, DOI: 10.21741/9781644902110-13.
7. Nagamatsu J. et al. Superconductivity at 39 K in Magnesium Diboride. – Nature, 2001, No. 410, pp. 63–64, DOI: 10.1038/35065039.
8. Антипов В.Н., Грозов А.Д., Иванова А.В. Cверхпроводниковые ветрогенераторы мощностью 10 МВт и более (обзор зарубежных публикаций). – Электричество, 2020, № 10, c. 59–67.
9. Xi X.X. et al. MgB2 Thin Films by Hybrid Physical-Chemical Vapor Deposition. – Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 456, № 1-2, pp. 22–37, DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2007.01.029.
10. Xi X. MgB2 Thin Films. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2009, vol. 22(4), DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/22/4/043001.
11. Jeong H. et al. Enhanced Critical Current Density of MgB2 Superconductor Using a Milled MgB4 Precursor. – Journal of Alloys and Compaunds, 2021, vol. 857, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158253.
12. Patnaik S. et al. Electronic Anisotropy, Magnetic Field-Temperature Phase Diagram and Their Dependence on Resistivity in C-Axis Oriented MgB2 Thin Films. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2001, vol. 14 (6), p. 315, DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/14/6/304.
13. Sharma R.G. Superconductivity: Basics and Applications to Magnets. – Springer Nature, 2021, vol. 214, p. 649, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75672-7.
14. Kario A. et al. Isotropic Behavior of Critical Current for MgB2 Ex Situ Tapes with 5 wt.% Carbon Addition. – Physica C: Superconductivity, 2012, vol. 483, pp. 222–224, DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2012.07.013.
15. Высоцкий В.С. Крупномасштабные применения сверхпроводимости спустя столетие после ее открытия. – Электричество, 2014, т. 11, c. 4–16.
16. Носов А.А. Исследования и разработка методов испытаний сверхпроводящих кабелей на основе высокотемпературных сверхпроводников диборида магния: дис. … канд. техн. наук. М: ВНИИКП, 2017, 145 с.
17. Цаплева А.С. Структура и свойства сверхпроводников на основе диборида магния и разработка режимов их изготовления: дис. … канд. техн. наук. М: ВНИИНМ, 2019, 136 с.
18. Занегин C.Ю., Зубко В.В., Иванов Н.С. Анализ потерь в обмотках и стопках из ВТСП лент второго поколения. – Электричество, 2020, № 5, с. 61–68,
19. Зубко В.В. и др. Анализ гистерезисных потерь в силовых кабелях на основе высокотемпературных сверхпроводящих лент второго поколения. – Электричество, 2014, № 4, с. 24–33.
20. Ghosh A.K., Robins K.E., Sampson W.B. Magnetization Measurements on Multifilamentary Nb3Sn and NbTi Conductors. – IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1985, vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 328–331, DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.1985.1063702.
21. Руднев И.А. и др. Гистерезисные потери в многоволоконных ниобий-оловянных композитах с танталовым диффузионным барьером. – Журнал технической физики, 1996, № 10, с. 118–127.
---
Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-72-10088, https://rscf.ru/project/22-72-10088/.
#
1. Chow C.C.T., Ainslie M.D., Chau K.T. High Temperature Superconducting Rotating Electrical Machines: An Overview. – Energy Reports, 2023, vol. 9, pp. 1124–1156, DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.173.
2. Park S.I. et al. Comparison of Superconducting Generator with 2G HTS and MgB2 Wires. – Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics, 2013, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 48–52, DOI: 10.9714/psac.2013.15.4.048.
3. Nam G.-D. et al. Design and Comparative Analysis of MgB2 and YBCO Wire-Based-Superconducting Wind Power Generators. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, vol. 28, No. 3, p. 5205605, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2018.2797929.
4. Sumption M. AC Loss of Superconducting Materials in Motors and Generators for Very High-Density Motors and Generators for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft. – AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium, 2018, DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-5001.
5. Kalsi S.S. et al. Motors Employing ReBCO CORC and MgB2 Superconductors for AC Stator Windings. – IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2021, vol. 31(9), DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2021.3113574.
6. Raza A., Ali S.S. Superconductors for Magnetic Imaging Resonance Applications. – Materials Research Foundations, 2022, vol. 132, pp. 230–255, DOI: 10.21741/9781644902110-13.
7. Nagamatsu J. et al. Superconductivity at 39 K in Magnesium Diboride. – Nature, 2001, No. 410, pp. 63–64, DOI: 10.1038/35065039.
8. Antipov V.N., Grozov A.D., Ivanova A.V. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2020, No. 10, pp. 59–67.
9. Xi X.X. et al. MgB2 Thin Films by Hybrid Physical-Chemical Vapor Deposition. – Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 456, № 1-2, pp. 22–37, DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2007.01.029.
10. Xi X. MgB2 Thin Films. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2009, vol. 22(4), DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/22/4/043001.
11. Jeong H. et al. Enhanced Critical Current Density of MgB2 Superconductor Using a Milled MgB4 Precursor. – Journal of Alloys and Compaunds, 2021, vol. 857, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158253.
12. Patnaik S. et al. Electronic Anisotropy, Magnetic Field-Temperature Phase Diagram and Their Dependence on Resistivity in C-Axis Oriented MgB2 Thin Films. – Superconductor Science and Technology, 2001, vol. 14 (6), p. 315, DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/14/6/304.
13. Sharma R.G. Superconductivity: Basics and Applications to Magnets. – Springer Nature, 2021, vol. 214, p. 649, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75672-7.
14. Kario A. et al. Isotropic Behavior of Critical Current for MgB2 Ex Situ Tapes with 5 wt.% Carbon Addition. – Physica C: Superconductivity, 2012, vol. 483, pp. 222–224, DOI: 10.1016/j.physc.2012.07.013.
15. Vysotskiy V.S. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2014, No. 11, pp. 4–16.
16. Nosov А.А. Issledovaniya i razrabotka metodov ispytaniy sverhprovodyashchih kabeley na osnove vysokotemperaturnyh sverh-provodnikov diborida magniya: dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk (Research and Development of Test Methods for Superconducting Cables Based on High-Temperature Superconductors of Magnesium Diboride: Dis. ... Cand. Sci. (Eng.)). М: VNIIKP, 2017, 145 p.
17. Tsapleva A.S. Struktura i svoystva sverhprovodnikov na osnove diborida magniya i razrabotka rezhimov ih izgotovleniya: dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk (Structure and Properties of Superconductors Based on Magnesium Diboride and Development of Their Manufacturing Modes: Dis. ... Cand. Sci. (Eng.)). М: VNIINM, 2019, 136 p.
18. Zanegin S.Yu., Zubko V.V., Ivanov N.S. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2020, No. 5, pp. 61–68,
19. Zubko V.V. et al. Elektrichestvo – in Russ. (Electricity), 2014, No. 4, pp. 24–33.
20. Ghosh A.K., Robins K.E., Sampson W.B. Magnetization Measurements on Multifilamentary Nb3Sn and NbTi Conductors. – IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1985, vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 328–331, DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.1985.1063702.
21. Rudnev I.A. et al. Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoy Fiziki – in Russ. (Technical Physics), 1996, No. 10, pp. 118–127.
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The research was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 22-72-10088, https://rscf.ru/project/22-72-10088/.
